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L4M2시험은 영어로 출제되는 만큼 시험난이도가 높다고 볼수 있습니다.하지만 L4M2덤프만 있다면 아무리 어려운 시험도 쉬워집니다. 오르지 못할 산도 정복할수 있는게 L4M2덤프의 우점입니다.L4M2덤프로 시험을 패스하여 자격증을 취득하시면 굳게 닫혔던 취업문도 자신있게 두드릴수 있습니다. L4M2덤프를 구매하시고 공부하시면 밝은 미래를 예약한것과 같습니다.
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Specification development | - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements |
| Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Managing procurement and supply risks - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements |
| Demand management and value for money | - Demand analysis and forecasting - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership - Balancing cost, quality, and risk |
| Understanding and defining business needs | - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives |
경쟁율이 치열한 IT업계에서 아무런 목표없이 아무런 희망없이 무미건조한 생활을 하고 계시나요? 다른 사람들이 모두 취득하고 있는 자격증에 관심도 없는 분은 치열한 경쟁속에서 살아남기 어렵습니다. CIPS인증 L4M2시험패스가 힘들다한들Pass4Test덤프만 있으면 어려운 시험도 쉬워질수 밖에 없습니다. CIPS인증 L4M2덤프에 있는 문제만 잘 이해하고 습득하신다면CIPS인증 L4M2시험을 패스하여 자격증을 취득해 자신의 경쟁율을 업그레이드하여 경쟁시대에서 안전감을 보유할수 있습니다.
질문 # 27
A department is writing a business case for an expensive capital purchase. What should be included?
* Terms and conditions of contract
* Tender evaluation criteria
* Degree of added value
* Financial plan
정답：D
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Business Case Construction) A business case must outline:
* Added value (benefits, performance, ROI).
* Financial plan (costs, funding, payback).
Contract terms and tender criteria come after the business case is approved.
Thus, 3 and 4 only are correct.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Essential elements of a business case"
* "Cost-benefit and value assessment in procurement justification"
질문 # 28
Dana is an automobile manufacturer. It has a new electrification strategy that aims at making eco-friendly electric pick-up trucks. To implement this strategy, the procurement department must source new categories of parts that make motors, sensors, solenoids and stators. He starts to analyse the market by identifying specific supply market segments for those parts and finding suppliers who have the best capabilities in those segment. He intends to segment the market based on specific features of the products. Which variable is used by Dana procurement manager to shape and manage supply market?
정답：C
설명：
In sales and marketing, market segmentation is the process of trying to understand clusters of cus-tomers in terms of their buying behavior and their buying characteristics. There are some traditional segmentation approaches: geography, demography, types of industry and the benefits. Then there are newer segmentation approaches: behavioral, situational, and psychographic.
Procurement professionals can learn market segmentation from sales and marketing. Segmenting the market can help them to shape and manage the supply market effectively. According to Michael Porter, a market can be segment with array of products and buyers.
Text Description automatically generated
Source: Porter, Michael E.. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (p. 234).
Free Press. Kindle Edition.
In the scenario, the products that Dana needs to source is distinct in their features. The best way is to segment the market by product varieties.
질문 # 29
Honda of America Manufacturing is a well established automobile manufacturer. It purchases tens of thousands of materials and parts from suppliers, however, only few of them are strategic. To these suppliers, Honda's procurement manager requires them to send details of labour, materials, overhead cost and profit. However, the suppliers are reluctant to submit such confidential infor-mation. Is the procurement manager's action appropriate?
정답：B
설명：
With strategic suppliers, the aim should be to work co-operatively with them to find ways of reducing costs to achieve a target cost. It is necessary to work with the suppliers in carrying out open book costing by having first persuaded them of the need to do it. Open book can be used to establish a Target Cost, a Compensation Event value and can eventually be used to ensure the payment of actual costs to an organization. A number of forms of contract cater for this functionality of which only the NEC goes to into any great depth of methodology.
If the suppliers worry about leak of confidential information, procurement team can suggest them to sign a non-disclosure agreement. The buying organisation should also comply with data protection regulations. The Employer / individual responsible for a project's costs should ultimately take a pragmatic and sensible approach with regard to commercially or personally sensitive data provided by the contractor. The primary goal of all open book cost management is to provide Employer comfort and security in the accuracy of commercial data; this effectively means striking a balance between undertaking full audits and blind faith.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
질문 # 30
Lucy, a junior procurement analyst, has been asked to assess the competitive forces in the garden furniture market. XYZ Ltd is the largest producer of garden furniture in the country. It produces 70% of all the garden furniture manufactured, while the second largest manufacturer produces less than 5% of the garden furniture for the country. Which power does XYZ Ltd possess?
정답：C
질문 # 31
How can a procurement department meet the business needs when purchasing leverage items?
정답：D
설명：
Leverage items are high-value, low-risk goods or services - where buyers have strong bargaining power and can use tactics like competitive tendering to gain favourable terms.
The CIPS L4M2 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Business Case and Sourcing Decisions, describes leverage items using the Kraljic Matrix:
"Leverage items are typically sourced using competitive tendering, framework agreements, and other methods that maximise value from the supply market." Option analysis:
* A. Long-term partnerships - Suitable for strategic or critical items.
* B. Efficient processes - Important but not the key strategy for leverage items.
* C. Call-off contracts - Can be used but apply more to routine items.
* D. Competitive tendering - Correct. A main strategy for exploiting purchasing power.
Correct answer: D
CIPS Study Guide Reference:
* Module: L4M2 - Defining Business Needs
* Chapter 4: Business Case Development
* Section: Sourcing Strategy - Kraljic Matrix
질문 # 32
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