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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Transport & storage requirements - Aliquoting & preservation - Specimen rejection criteria - Documentation & tracking - Processing & centrifugation |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Site selection & preparation - Requisition review & test verification - Patient positioning & comfort - Patient identification & verification - Informed consent & communication |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Post-collection care & labeling - Order of draw & tube selection - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Capillary puncture procedures |
| Special Collections | 12% | - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - PPE & sharps disposal - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - Infection control & OSHA standards |
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NEW QUESTION # 69
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take if a patient develops a rapidly forming hematoma during venipuncture?
Answer: A
Explanation:
If a rapidly forming hematoma develops, the phlebotomist should remove the needle and apply pressure. A hematoma occurs when blood leaks into surrounding tissue, often because the needle has gone through the vein, partially exited the vein, or the vein wall has been injured. Continuing the collection can worsen bleeding, increase pain, and compromise the specimen. Asking the patient to pump their fist increases venous pressure and can worsen leakage or alter some test results. Inserting the needle deeper is unsafe because it may worsen vessel injury or strike nearby structures. The correct response is to release the tourniquet, remove the needle, activate the safety device, apply firm pressure, and monitor the site. A bandage should be applied only after bleeding has stopped. The phlebotomist should document or report the complication according to facility policy and avoid recollecting from the affected site. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hematoma; venipuncture complications; needle removal; post-procedure care.
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is the purpose of centrifuging a blood specimen?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The purpose of centrifuging a blood specimen is to separate specimen components. Centrifugation uses force to separate cells from serum or plasma based on density. In serum separator tubes, centrifugation separates serum from the clot after the specimen has fully clotted. In plasma separator tubes, centrifugation separates plasma from blood cells in the presence of anticoagulant. It does not disinfect the specimen; blood specimens must still be treated as potentially infectious. It does not activate tube additives; additives function through mixing by gentle inversion after collection. It also does not increase specimen volume. Improper centrifugation can damage specimens. Centrifuging too soon, too long, too fast, or at the wrong temperature can cause hemolysis, fibrin formation, poor separation, or analyte instability. The phlebotomist must follow manufacturer and facility instructions for clotting time, centrifuge speed, duration, balancing, and specimen removal. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; centrifugation; serum and plasma separation; specimen integrity; equipment operation.
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which of the following actions is required before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Quality control testing should be performed before using a new lot number of point-of-care testing strips. Lot-to-lot variation can affect test performance, and QC confirms that the strips, controls, meter, and operator process are producing acceptable results before patient testing begins. Freezing strips is incorrect unless a manufacturer specifically requires a storage condition, and most reagent strips have controlled storage requirements that must not be improvised. Mixing old and new lots is unsafe because it creates traceability problems and can invalidate quality control. Using strips only for "control patients" is meaningless; patient specimens should not be used to validate unverified supplies. For waived testing and point-of-care testing, the phlebotomist must follow manufacturer instructions, document QC results, check expiration dates, store materials properly, and stop patient testing when controls fail. If QC is outside range, patient results should not be reported until corrective action is completed. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; Special Collections; point-of-care testing; quality control; reagent lot verification.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which of the following additives is commonly found in a gray-top tube used for glucose testing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Sodium fluoride is commonly found in gray-top tubes used for glucose testing. Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis, which helps preserve glucose concentration after collection by slowing cellular glucose consumption. Many gray-top tubes also contain potassium oxalate as an anticoagulant. Sodium citrate is found in light-blue tubes used for coagulation studies because it binds calcium reversibly. EDTA is found in lavender-top tubes and is commonly used for hematology testing such as CBC. SPS is sodium polyanethol sulfonate, an additive used in blood culture bottles or yellow SPS tubes because it supports organism recovery by reducing certain inhibitory effects. Tube additives are not trivia; they determine specimen type and test validity. A glucose specimen collected in the wrong tube or processed late may produce inaccurate results because cells continue metabolizing glucose after collection. The phlebotomist must match test, tube, additive, order of draw, fill volume, and handling requirements. Reference topics: Special Collections; glucose testing; gray-top tube; sodium fluoride; additive function.
NEW QUESTION # 73
Which of the following is related to diabetes mellitus?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Glycosuria is related to diabetes mellitus because it means glucose is present in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, blood glucose can rise above the renal threshold, causing glucose to spill into the urine. This finding is classically associated with hyperglycemia and impaired glucose regulation. Proteinuria means protein in the urine and is more closely associated with kidney disease, glomerular injury, hypertension, or diabetic nephropathy as a complication rather than the direct defining finding tested here. Bacteriuria means bacteria in urine and suggests urinary tract infection or contamination. Oliguria means decreased urine output and is associated with dehydration, renal dysfunction, shock, or urinary obstruction. The key relationship is that diabetes mellitus involves abnormal glucose metabolism, so glycosuria is the most direct answer. From a phlebotomy standpoint, this links to glucose testing, fasting status, point-of-care glucose monitoring, urine testing, and patient preparation. The technician does not diagnose diabetes but must understand common terms tied to ordered specimens and clinical testing. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; glucose metabolism; urine terminology; diabetes-related testing; point-of-care glucose.
NEW QUESTION # 74
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