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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Network Troubleshooting | 10% | - Fault diagnosis and analysis methods - Troubleshooting routing and switching issues |
| Advanced IGP Features | 17% | - IGP route selection and control - OSPF advanced features and optimization - IS-IS advanced features and convergence |
| Network Cutover and Migration | 7% | - Service switchover and verification - Migration strategies and risk control |
| Advanced Ethernet Technologies | 10% | - VLAN stacking and QinQ - Ethernet OAM and protection mechanisms - Advanced link aggregation and reliability |
| Network O&M | 7% | - Network monitoring and management tools - Performance optimization and capacity planning |
| Advanced BGP Features | 10% | - BGP route attributes and policies - Route reflectors and confederations - BGP path control and filtering |
| IPv6 Routing | 20% | - IPv6 addressing and transition technologies - BGP4+ and IPv6 route deployment - OSPFv3 and IS-IS for IPv6 |
| MPLS Technologies | 19% | - MPLS protection and fast reroute - MPLS VPN and traffic engineering - MPLS basics and label distribution |
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NEW QUESTION # 124
On the network shown in the figure, IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5, and the area ID is 49.0001. IS-IS runs on R3 and R6, and the area ID is 49.0002. In AS 65000, R1, R3, R4, and R6 each establish iBGP peer relationships with R2 and R5. R2 and R5 are RRs (Route Reflectors), and R1, R4, R3, and R6 are clients. The iBGP peer relationships are established using Loopback0 on each router, and the router ID is 10.0.0.X/32, where X is the number of the router. R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command, and R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 to BGP through the import- route command. Which of the following statements are true?
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
This question involves a network topology with IS-IS, iBGP, and route reflection, and we need to determine which statements are true, allowing for multiple correct answers. I'll re-analyze each statement carefully, considering the absence of the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command (as noted in the previous evaluation) and standard protocol behavior in HCIP-Datacom contexts.
Network Overview:
* IS-IS Configuration :
* IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5 in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2).
* IS-IS runs on R3 and R6 in area 49.0002 (Level-2 only, as implied by the figure).
* Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command, Level-1 routers (e.g., R1, R4) cannot directly learn Level-2 routes (e.g., to R3, R6) unless redistributed or via Level-2 connectivity through R2 or R5.
* BGP Configuration :
* AS 65000 uses iBGP with R2 and R5 as Route Reflectors (RRs), and R1, R3, R4, and R6 as clients.
* iBGP peer relationships use Loopback0 addresses with router IDs of 10.0.0.X/32, where X is the router number (e.g., R1 = 10.0.0.1/32, R3 = 10.0.0.3/32, etc.).
* R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 into BGP using import-route.
* R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 into BGP using import-route.
* Topology Insights :
* The figure shows R2 and R5 as central hubs connecting Level-1/Level-2 IS-IS areas and serving as RRs for iBGP.
* R1 and R4 are in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2), while R3 and R6 are in area 49.0002 (Level-2).
* External routes (192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24) are injected into BGP and distributed via iBGP.
Analyzing Each Statement:
A). The routing table of R4 contains two equal-cost default routes.
* Analysis :
* R4 is a Level-1/Level-2 router in area 49.0001. It can learn default routes (0.0.0.0/0) from Level-
2 routers (R2, R5) if they advertise them (e.g., via default-route-advertise).
* The question does not specify that R2 or R5 advertise default routes, nor does it indicate equal- cost paths to a default route.
* IS-IS prefers the closest Level-2 router for default routes, and the topology (with R2 and R5 as central hubs) suggests a single path, not two equal-cost paths, unless explicitly configured for ECMP with the same cost.
* Without evidence of ECMP or specific default route configuration, R4 would not have two equal- cost default routes.
* Conclusion : This statement is false.
B). The route 192.168.1.0/24 in the routing table of R3 has two next hops.
* Analysis :
* The route 192.168.1.0/24 is imported into BGP by R1 and R4 (in area 49.0001) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R3 (in area 49.0002).
* In iBGP, the next-hop is not modified by default unless next-hop-self is configured on the RR.
Thus, the next-hop for 192.168.1.0/24 from R1/R4 would typically point to R1 or R4, not R2 or R5.
* R3, in area 49.0002 (Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to reach R1 or R4 (in area 49.0001). Since R3 is a Level-2 router, it can learn Level-2 routes to R1 and R4 via R2 and R5.
* If R2 and R5 both reflect the route with the same next-hop (e.g., R1 and R4), and IS-IS provides equal-cost paths from R3 to R1 and R4 via R2 and R5 (e.g., both paths have the same cost), R3 could have two next hops if ECMP is enabled.
* The topology shows R3 connected to R2 and R5, and without specific cost details, we assume standard IS-IS behavior. If the costs from R3 to R1 via R2 and to R1 via R5 are equal (e.g., both cost 10), and similarly for R4, and ECMP is configured or default in the Huawei implementation, R3 could use two next hops for 192.168.1.0/24.
* In HCIP-Datacom exams, such scenarios often imply equal-cost paths in symmetric topologies, especially with RRs. Given the figure's structure and the possibility of multiple correct answers, it's reasonable to assume R3 could have two next hops (e.g., via R2 to R1 and via R5 to R4) if costs are equal and ECMP is enabled.
* Conclusion : This statement is true, based on the implied equal-cost IS-IS paths and ECMP behavior in the topology.
C). The routing table of R1 does not contain the route 192.168.2.0/24.
* Analysis :
* The route 192.168.2.0/24 is imported into BGP by R3 and R6 (in area 49.0002) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R1 (in area 49.0001).
* iBGP ensures the route is propagated within AS 65000, so R1, as an iBGP client, will receive
192.168.2.0/24.
* R1, in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to the next-hop (R3 or R6). Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command, R1 (as a Level-1 router) cannot directly learn Level-2 routes to R3 and R6 unless redistributed or learned via Level-2 connectivity through R2 or R5.
* Since R2 and R5 are Level-2 routers connecting the areas, R1 can learn IS-IS routes to R3 and R6 via Level-2, allowing it to resolve the next-hop and install 192.168.2.0/24 in its routing table.
* Therefore, R1's routing table contains 192.168.2.0/24, making this statement false.
* Conclusion : This statement is false.
D). For 192.168.1.0/24, R3 preferentially selects the BGP route received from R2, and R6 preferentially selects the BGP route received from R5.
* Analysis :
* The route 192.168.1.0/24 is imported into BGP by R1 and R4 (in area 49.0001) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R3 and R6 (in area 49.0002).
* In iBGP, when R3 and R6 receive the same route from multiple RRs (R2 and R5), they select the best path based on BGP attributes. If attributes like AS path, MED, and local preference are equal, BGP prefers the route with the lowest router ID of the advertising RR.
* The router IDs are 10.0.0.2 for R2 and 10.0.0.5 for R5. By default, both R3 and R6 would prefer the route from R2 (lower router ID, 10.0.0.2 < 10.0.0.5).
* However, the statement specifies that R3 prefers R2's route and R6 prefers R5's route, which would require specific BGP configurations (e.g., local preference, MED, or community attributes) to override the default router ID preference.
* The question does not mention such configurations, but the statement's wording and the possibility of multiple correct answers suggest an implied or configured scenario common in HCIP-Datacom exams.
* If R2 and R5 are configured with different local preferences or other attributes for their clients (e.
g., R2 sets a higher local preference for R3, and R5 sets a higher local preference for R6), this could result in R3 preferring R2's route and R6 preferring R5's route.
* Given the exam context and the topology's symmetry (R3 connected to R2, R6 connected to R5), it's reasonable to assume a configuration where R3 prefers R2's route and R6 prefers R5's route for 192.168.1.0/24, possibly due to RR-specific policies or local preferences implied by the question.
* Conclusion : This statement is true, based on the implied or configured BGP path selection in the exam context.
Final Answers and Rationale:
B and D are true.
* B is true because, in the symmetric topology with RRs (R2 and R5) and equal-cost IS-IS paths, R3 could have two next hops for 192.168.1.0/24 (e.g., via R2 to R1 and via R5 to R4) if ECMP is enabled and costs are equal.
* D is true based on the implied or configured BGP path selection where R3 preferentially selects the BGP route for 192.168.1.0/24 from R2, and R6 preferentially selects it from R5, likely due to RR- specific policies or local preferences.
* A and C are false, as there's no evidence of equal-cost default routes for R4 or R1 not containing
192.168.2.0/24, respectively.
References from HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology Documents :
* Huawei HCIP-Datacom V1.0 Training Manual, Chapter 4: IS-IS Configuration and Optimization, Sections on Level-1/Level-2 Interactions and Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP).
* Huawei HCIP-Datacom V1.0 Training Manual, Chapter 5: BGP Configuration and Optimization, Sections on Route Reflection, iBGP Route Distribution, and BGP Path Selection (e.g., router ID, local preference).
* RFC 1195 (IS-IS) and RFC 4271 (BGP-4) for standard protocol behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 125
As shown below:
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 126
The figure shows information about an LSP (Link-State PDU) generated by an IS-IS router .
From the LSP, you can infer that the router is not the DIS (Designated Intermediate System) of the local link .
Options:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding the DIS (Designated Intermediate System) in IS-IS
* In IS-IS, the DIS (Designated Intermediate System) is similar to the DR (Designated Router) in OSPF .
* Unlike OSPF, IS-IS does not use an election based on priority; instead, the router with the highest priority becomes the DIS .
* If there is a tie in priority, the router with the highest MAC address on the interface becomes the DIS.
* The DIS is responsible for generating additional LSPs (pseudonode LSPs) for the link and synchronizing the database between routers.
2. How to Identify If the Router Is the DIS from the LSP
* In the given LSP output, there are NO pseudonode LSPs (LSPs ending with .01) .
* The DIS is responsible for creating pseudonode LSPs , which represent a multi-access network in the IS-IS topology.
* If the router were the DIS , it would generate both its own LSP (ending in .00) and a pseudonode LSP (ending in .01) .
* Since we only see an LSP ending in .00 , this confirms that the router is NOT the DIS .
3. Evaluating the Answer Choices
* Option A (TRUE) - Correct:
* Since no pseudonode LSP is present , the router is not the DIS .
* This confirms that the statement is TRUE .
* Option B (FALSE) - Incorrect:
* If the router were the DIS, it would generate pseudonode LSPs , but they are missing from the output.
* Therefore, the statement is NOT false .
Final answer:
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* IS-IS Designated Intermediate System (DIS) Selection Process
* Pseudonode LSP Generation in Multi-Access Networks
* IS-IS LSP Structure and Identification of DIS
NEW QUESTION # 127
The figure shows the LSP information of R1 and R3 on an MPLS network. An administrator runs the ping -a
1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3 command on R1. Given this, which of the following statements is true?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 128
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, area 1 is a stub area, area 2 is a totally stub area, and area 3 is an NSSA.
Which of the following routers are unable to import external routes?
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION # 129
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