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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Fraud Schemes | - Asset Misappropriation Schemes
|
| Topic 2: Financial Crimes | - Corruption Schemes
|
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NEW QUESTION # 155
________ increase assets and expenses and/or decrease liabilities and/or equity.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: In double-entry accounting, a debit increases assets and expenses while decreasing liabilities and equity. Debits are entries on the left side of an account.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* A. Journal Entries - General record of transactions, not the specific effect.
* C. Credit - Opposite effect: increases liabilities/equity, decreases assets/expenses.
* D. None of all - Incorrect because "debit" is the recognized effect.
* Key Concept: Debit rules in double-entry accounting.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition) , Accounting Concepts - Debits and Credits .
NEW QUESTION # 156
Georgina works for TAK Intelligence, a competitive intelligence firm. She is tasked with gathering intelligence about ERO Corp., a competitor of one of TAK's clients. To gather the intelligence, Georgina poses as a customer and contacts ERO. She then elicits sensitive information from an ERO employee.
Georgina's approach is an example of:
Answer: C
Explanation:
Why the correct answer is Human Intelligence
The ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual , in the section on fraud examination tools and intelligence gathering , discusses methods of obtaining information from individuals. One of the recognized methods is Human Intelligence (HUMINT) .
The Manual explains that human intelligence gathering involves:
Collecting information directly from people-often through conversation, elicitation, or interviews- sometimes while using a pretext to encourage the target to disclose information.
In this scenario:
* Georgina poses as a customer (a pretext),
* Contacts an employee of ERO Corp., and
* Elicits sensitive information directly from that individual.
This aligns perfectly with the definition of human intelligence gathering -information obtained directly from human sources , often under false pretenses.
Why the other options are incorrect
B). Scavenging - Incorrect
The Manual describes scavenging as:
Obtaining information by searching for discarded documents or materials, such as in trash or recycling bins.
Georgina is not going through discarded materials; she is speaking directly with an employee.
C). Baiting - Incorrect
Baiting typically refers to:
Enticing someone with something of value to trick them into taking an action, often involving malware- infected media or fraudulent offers.
Georgina is not offering anything or luring the employee with incentives.
D). Open-source intelligence - Incorrect
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) refers to gathering information from:
Publicly available sources such as websites, publications, databases, or social media.
Georgina is not using public sources; she is actively eliciting confidential information from a person under false pretenses.
ACFE Manual References
The concepts used in this answer derive from the Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), including:
* Human intelligence and data collection techniques
* Scavenging as an investigative method
* Baiting schemes
* Open-source intelligence descriptions
NEW QUESTION # 157
____________ is a summary of the account balances carried in a ledger.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: The balance sheet summarizes account balances from the ledger at a specific date, presenting assets, liabilities, and equity. It reflects the organization's financial position and is derived from ledger balances.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* B. Income statement - Summarizes revenues and expenses, not all ledger balances.
* C. Financial statement - A general term, but the specific answer here is balance sheet.
* D. General journal - Book of original entry, not a summary.
* Key Concept: Balance sheet as a summary of ledger accounts.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition) , Accounting Concepts - Financial Statements Overview .
NEW QUESTION # 158
_____________ involves purposeful misreporting of financial information about the organization that is intended to mislead those who read it.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: Fraudulent financial statements (or "fraudulent statement") refer to the intentional misrepresentation of financial condition, typically through overstating revenues, understating expenses, inflating assets, or concealing liabilities. The intent is to mislead stakeholders such as investors, creditors, or regulators.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* B. Corruption - Refers to abuses of influence and conflicts of interest, not misreporting financial information.
* C. Asset misappropriations - Involve theft of assets, not misrepresentation of reports.
* D. None of the above - Incorrect since option A is correct.
* Key Concept: Financial Statement Fraud - misrepresentation of organizational performance and position.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition) , Financial Statement Fraud section
- Definition and Types .
NEW QUESTION # 159
A common way that dishonest contractors collude to evade the competitive bidding process is:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Submitting token bids is a common collusive procurement fraud method known as complementary bidding, also called protective, shadow, or cover bidding. In this scheme, competing contractors submit bids that are not serious attempts to win the contract. These bids might be intentionally too high, technically unacceptable, or structured with unfavorable terms so the preferred contractor wins while the process still appears competitive. This undermines the purpose of competitive bidding, which is to place bidders on equal terms and obtain the best price and conditions. Option B is inconsistent with market division, where conspirators divide markets rather than seek all areas. Option C refers more generally to shell or fictitious bidding, and option D is a billing fraud issue, not the common collusive bidding method described here.
NEW QUESTION # 160
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