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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
| Professional Practice Requirements | - Value study facilitation - Project documentation and reporting |
| Job Plan Phases | - Function Analysis Phase
|
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質問 # 60
What are key factors that cause VM programs to fail?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are A and B . A VM program can fail when it is placed too narrowly inside one department because Value Methodology must operate as an organization-wide management process, not as the property of a single functional group. When VM is positioned inside one department, other departments may view it as that department's agenda rather than as a neutral, cross-functional decision-support process.
This weakens participation, reduces ownership of recommendations, and limits executive visibility.
An undefined implementation and change management process is also a major failure factor. VM studies produce recommendations, but the program succeeds only when those recommendations are reviewed, approved, assigned, tracked, and integrated into normal project or business controls. Without a defined implementation path, even technically strong VM proposals can remain unused. Change management is necessary because VM recommendations often alter scope, design, delivery approach, cost allocation, or stakeholder expectations.
By contrast, management support and tracking VM study results are success factors, not failure factors.
Executive support gives authority and resources, while tracking verifies savings, value improvement, and accountability.
References/topics: VM Programs; Program Organization; Management Support; Implementation Process; Change Management; Tracking VM Results.
質問 # 61
What are typical examples of evaluation criteria used for a business process study during the Evaluation Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、C
解説：
The correct answers are A. Efficiency and D. Scalability . In the Evaluation Phase, the VM team uses structured criteria to screen and rank creative ideas based on their ability to improve value while still delivering the required functions. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard defines VM as a systematic process used by a multidisciplinary team to improve value through function analysis, and it confirms that VM applies not only to products and construction projects but also to business procedures, services, manufacturing processes, and business plans . ( ) For a business process study , typical evaluation criteria focus on how well an alternative improves process performance. Efficiency is a primary criterion because business-process alternatives are commonly judged by cycle time, resource use, duplication reduction, workflow simplification, and productivity. Scalability is also typical because the improved process should remain effective as transaction volume, users, locations, or organizational complexity increase.
Environmental impact may be valid in sustainability-driven studies, construction, or product/process engineering, but it is not a typical core criterion for a general business-process VM study. Maintenance is more typical for physical assets, facilities, equipment, or technical systems. The Evaluation Phase specifically selects ideas that offer value improvement while considering performance requirements and resource limits. ( ) References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Business Process Study; Evaluation Criteria; ; Scalability; Value Improvement.
質問 # 62
What is the role of the designer during the Information Phase?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is D. Describe the project . During the Information Phase, the VM team must gain a shared and factual understanding of the project before performing function analysis or generating alternatives.
The designer's role is to explain the current design, project background, design intent, major assumptions, technical criteria, constraints, drawings, specifications, cost basis, and reasons behind key design decisions.
This helps the VM team understand what has been proposed, why it has been proposed, and what limits or requirements must be respected during the study.
Option A is not the best answer because defining expectations is usually led by the sponsor, owner, or VM facilitator during planning and study setup. Option B belongs primarily to the Preparation Phase, where the study scope, participants, agenda, and logistics are established. Option C is incorrect because identifying functions is the responsibility of the VM team during the Function Analysis Phase, not the designer's primary role in the Information Phase.
The designer provides the technical baseline; the VM team then analyzes that baseline objectively. Without a clear project description, later phases may address the wrong problem or challenge valid requirements incorrectly.
References/topics: Information Phase; Designer Role; Project Background; Design Intent; VM Job Plan.
質問 # 63
Which of the following are the effects of increasing the duration of a VM study?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are B and D . Increasing the duration of a VM study gives the team more working time inside the structured Job Plan. SAVE describes Value Methodology as a structured process following defined phases such as Information, Function Analysis, Creativity, Evaluation, Development, and Presentation. ( Value Engineering ) When more time is available, the team can apply additional creative techniques during the Creativity Phase rather than relying only on basic brainstorming. This may include checklists, attribute listing, analogy, morphological methods, or other structured idea-generation approaches.
A longer study also allows evaluation techniques to be more thoughtful . In the Evaluation Phase, ideas from the Creativity Phase are screened, grouped, compared, ranked, and selected for further development. With more time, the team can apply better criteria, discuss advantages and disadvantages more carefully, consider cost, performance, risk, constructability, operations, and maintenance impacts, and reach stronger consensus.
Option A is incorrect because site-visit time may change depending on study scope and complexity. Option C is incorrect because more duration does not mean numerous FAST diagrams must be produced. Option E is not guaranteed because implementation depends on management approval, feasibility, funding, and follow- through after the study.
References/topics: VM Programs; Study Duration; Creativity Phase; Evaluation Phase; VM Job Plan Planning.
質問 # 64
Which of the following are effective ways to create a good team-building atmosphere in the Creativity Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：C、D
解説：
The correct answers are A and C . In the Creativity Phase , the VM team generates alternative ways to perform the required functions identified during Function Analysis. The atmosphere must support open participation, free thinking, and non-defensive contribution. Encouraging all team members to participate is essential because Value Methodology relies on a multidisciplinary team, not on one dominant expert. SAVE describes VM as a systematic process used by a multidisciplinary team led by a qualified facilitator to improve project value. ( Value Engineering ) The second correct answer is defer judgment of ideas to the Evaluation Phase . During creativity, ideas should be generated first and evaluated later. Early criticism reduces participation, blocks unusual ideas, and weakens team energy. The SAVE certification study material identifies Creativity as a distinct Job Plan phase before Evaluation, meaning idea generation and idea judgment are intentionally separated. ( ) Option B is incorrect because limiting each member to five ideas reduces quantity and restricts creative flow.
Option D is also incorrect because selectively recording ideas introduces premature screening. In effective VM facilitation, all ideas are captured first, then screened in the Evaluation Phase.
References/topics: Creativity Phase; Evaluation Phase; VM Facilitation; Team Dynamics; Brainstorming Ground Rules.
質問 # 65
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