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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Controlled substance management - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Recovery and emergency management |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration |
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Physical examination, patient assessment |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following is an example of an objective means of monitoring a patient under anesthesia?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The measurement of systolic blood pressure is an objective means of observation since it provides quantifiable data. It is not subject to opinion. Objective measurements often use mechanical devices to measure physiological signs that humans cannot easily discern, but this is not necessary. For example, counting heart rate beats per minute is verifiable and not subject to opinion.
The other options are incorrect because they are all sensory observations that are based on subjectivity.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Directional terms almost always have a corresponding opposite. Select the correctly matched opposing pair.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is proximal and distal. Distal means away from the body's center, and proximal means toward the body's center, which makes them an opposing pair. These terms are most commonly used when describing limbs.
Ventral means the underside of an animal and caudal means near the tail. Dorsal means the back of an animal, while medial means the middle of an animal. Cranial means toward the head and rostral means toward the nose.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Morphine administration can result in unwanted side effects, including all of the following, with the exception of:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Morphine stimulates ADH release (antidiuretic hormone), resulting in decreased urine production.
Morphine often causes vomiting through multiple neural pathways. Many opioids, including morphine, cause constipation by altering intestinal contraction patterns. Morphine can stimulate histamine release, as may be observed by the patient's scratching. In horses, opioids may cause excitement and so are usually used with additional medications.
NEW QUESTION # 21
In an ideal preanesthetic period scenario (shortly before induction), which of the following would we want to do with every patient when feasible?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Ideally, the beginning of a surgical technician's day should include obtaining patient information on all surgical patients, including BCS, weights, underlying conditions, and assigning an ASA risk score. From there, an anesthetic plan should be developed in conjunction with the veterinarian. Drug calculations should be performed, including emergency drug calculations, well before you plan to premedicate the patient. All equipment should be ready, and the anesthetic machine, monitoring equipment, and endotracheal tubes should be checked for leaks, damage, or other concerns and addressed if needed. The premedication should be administered about 15 to 20 minutes before the intended induction time. When given IM, most drugs or drug combinations take about that time to take effect, with the animal in a dark, quiet room.
Once you are about to induce the patient, it is ideal to provide preoxygenation. This delivers oxygen via a tightly fitting mask and can increase lung oxygen concentrations close to 100%. Ideally, we should do this for every patient via a mask or, if not tolerated, a nasal cannula for 5 to 10 minutes. However, this isn't well-tolerated by every patient. But it increases the body's oxygen storage and ability to tolerate postinduction apnea that may occur secondary to drugs like propofol. When feasible, this should be standard procedure for all brachycephalic dog and cat breeds and exotic species, especially birds.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A veterinary patient's vital signs should be monitored closely when the patient is anesthetized. The normal heart rate for an anesthetized horse is which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Normal anesthetized heart rate ranges per species:
*Horse: 28 to 40 bpm (compared to when awake at 30 to 45 bpm)
*Cow: 50 to 80 bpm
*Cat: 120 to 180 bpm
*Dog: 60 to 150 bpm
NEW QUESTION # 23
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