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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 2
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 3
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 4
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 5
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q22-Q27):

NEW QUESTION # 22
What YAML syntax do you use to exclude certain files from secret scanning?

Answer: B

Explanation:
To exclude specific files or directories from being scanned by secret scanning in GitHub Actions, you can use the paths-ignore: key within your YAML workflow file.
This tells GitHub to ignore specified paths when scanning for secrets, which can be useful for excluding test data or non-sensitive mock content.
Other options listed are invalid:
branches-ignore: excludes branches, not files.
decrypt_secret.sh is not a YAML key.
secret scanning.yml is not a recognized filename for configuration.


NEW QUESTION # 23
What is the first step you should take to fix an alert in secret scanning?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Resolving alerts from secret scanning
After reviewing the details of a secret scanning alert, you should fix and then close the alert.
Fixing alerts
Once a secret has been committed to a repository, you should consider the secret compromised.
GitHub recommends the following actions for compromised secrets:
Verify that the secret committed to GitHub is valid.
Review and update any services that use the old token. For GitHub personal access tokens, delete the compromised token and create a new token.
Depending on the secret provider, check your security logs for any unauthorized activity.


NEW QUESTION # 24
Drag and Drop Question
You have a GitHub Enterprise Server instance named Server1 that contains multiple private repositories across six organizations. Server1 uses GitHub Advanced Security.
You need to enable code scanning on Server1. The solution must ensure that the organizations can enable code scanning at the organization or repository level.
Which three commands should you run in sequence? To answer, move the appropriate commands from the list of commands to the answer area and arrange them in the correct order.
NOTE: More than one order of answer choices is correct. You will receive credit for any of the correct orders you select.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:
To enable code scanning on a GitHub Enterprise Server instance while allowing individual organizations to manage it at their own discretion, the following three commands must be run in sequence via SSH:
ghe-config app.minio.enabled true
ghe-config app.code-scanning.enabled true
ghe-config-apply
Step 1: Run ghe-config app.minio.enabled true
ghe-config app.minio.enabled true - Code scanning relies on an internal MinIO storage service to hold analysis data and CodeQL results. This command activates that prerequisite backend service.
Step 2: Run ghe-config app.code-scanning.enabled true
ghe-config app.code-scanning.enabled true - This enables the overall code scanning capability at the appliance level. By doing this without explicitly overriding or forcing an enterprise-wide enforcement policy, organizations and individual repositories retain the rights to enable or disable it as needed.
Step 3: Run ghe-config-apply
Apply the configurations to the server appliance
ghe-config-apply - This final command must be run to actively apply, initialize, and reload the server configuration with the new settings.
Reference:
https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.21/code-security/how-tos/secure-at-scale/configure-enterprise-security/establish-complete-coverage/enabling-github-advanced- security-for-your-enterprise


NEW QUESTION # 25
Where is secret scanning enabled on a private repository?

Answer: D

Explanation:
About enabling secure access to private registries
If your organization uses private registries, providing code scanning and Dependabot secure access to these registries will improve code analysis and allow Dependabot to update a wider range of dependencies.
About the importance of providing access to private registries
When a repository uses code stored in a private registry, some security features need access to the registry to enable them to work effectively. Without access to all the dependencies of a repository, code scanning default setup and Dependabot are limited.
Code scanning default setup access to private registries
If you do not define access to the private registries your organization uses, then code scanning will only gather necessary data from dependencies available in public registries.
Defining registry access for code scanning default setup
You need to be an organization owner to set up access to private registries in the user interface.
You can also use the REST API with organization owner or {read,write}_org_private_registries permission.
Note:
1. On the Settings tab for the organization, scroll down to the "Security" section and select Secrets and variables.
2. In the expanded list of secrets and variables, select Private registries to display the "Private Registries" page.
3. Select New private registry to add access details for a private registry.
4. Use the URL and Type fields to define the location and type of the registry:


NEW QUESTION # 26
Which Dependabot configuration fields are required? Each answer presents part of the solution.
(Choose three.)

Answer: C,D,E

Explanation:
When configuring Dependabot via the dependabot.yml file, the following fields are mandatory for each update configuration:
[D] directory: Specifies the location of the package manifest within the repository. This tellsDependabot where to look for dependency files.
[A] package-ecosystem: Indicates the type of package manager (e.g., npm, pip, maven) used in the specified directory.
[C] schedule.interval: Defines how frequently Dependabot checks for updates (e.g., daily, weekly). This ensures regular scanning for outdated or vulnerable dependencies.
[Not E] The milestone field is optional and used for associating pull requests with milestones. The allow field is also optional and used to specify which dependencies to update.


NEW QUESTION # 27
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