L4M2試験の準備方法｜最新のL4M2日本語受験教科書試験｜素敵なDefining Business Needs日本語試験対策

P.S. Xhs1991がGoogle Driveで共有している無料かつ新しいL4M2ダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xl78fewJCBpobWLpGeVZQR4F-EppT6Lt

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CIPS L4M2（ビジネスニーズの定義）試験は、ビジネスニーズの定義に関する知識とスキルを向上させたい調達およびサプライチェーンの専門家を対象とした認定試験です。この試験は、調達専門家のための世界的に認められた資格であるChartered Institute of Procurement and Supply（CIPS）Level 4 Diploma in Procurement and Supplyプログラムの一部です。試験は、ビジネス要件の理解、ステークホルダーの特定、ビジネスケースの開発など、さまざまなトピックをカバーしています。

CIPS L4M2試験の準備をするために、候補者は、テストでカバーされる重要なトピックと概念の概要を説明する公式の試験シラバスを確認することをお勧めします。また、教科書、オンラインコース、練習試験などのさまざまな学習資料を利用して、試験の準備を支援することもできます。

>> L4M2日本語受験教科書 <<

L4M2日本語試験対策 & L4M2受験記対策

我々社はCIPS　L4M2問題集をリリースされる以来、たくさんの好評を博しました。試験に合格したお客様は「L4M2問題集のオンライン版を利用して、模擬試験を繰り返して受けました。無事試験に合格しました。Xhs1991から大変助かりました。」と感謝します。あなたの支持こそ我々は最も高品質のCIPS　L4M2問題集を開発して努力します。

認定された調達および供給協会（CIPS）レベル4モジュール2（L4M2）認定試験は、ビジネスニーズを定義する調達専門家の知識とスキルをテストするために設計されています。この試験は、CIPS認定プログラムの重要な部分であり、調達専門家のグローバル標準として認識されています。 L4M2試験では、ビジネス要件の特定と分析、調達戦略の開発、利害関係者関係の管理など、ビジネスニーズに関連するさまざまなトピックをカバーしています。

CIPS Defining Business Needs 認定 L4M2 試験問題 (Q159-Q164):

質問 # 159
A procurement manager consolidates the company expense on printing and office supplies into broader range of spend category. Other senior managers are concerned that it may increase company's spend. Is that concern justified?

A. No, because the consolidation will help the supplier to shorten deliver time.
B. Yes, because the suppliers can't provide a broader range of products and they will fail to deliver
C. No, because the broader range of spend category can increase the value of the contract and the buyer may get volume discount
D. Yes, because the consolidation may create a large contract that costs more than placing each purchase order

正解：C

解説：
Printing and office supplies are often considered as low risk, low value items. Consolidation low value, low risk items into a broader range will dramatically increases the value of the contract and leverage of buying organisation in the negotiation.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 8-9
LO 1, AC 1.1

質問 # 160
A company is evaluating two investment projects: Project A and Project B. Project A has a high initial cost but generates substantial cash flows over time. Project B has a lower initial cost but generates modest cash flows consistently. The company's cost model indicates a payback period of three years for Project A and a payback of four years for Project B. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the cost models and cash flow profiling for these projects?

A. Project A has a shorter payback period, making it a quicker return on investment compared to Project B
B. Project A's higher initial cost is a disadvantage, and its payback period should be extended for better profitability
C. Project B's lower initial cost allows for faster profit realisation, making it the better investment choice
D. Project B's modest and consistent cash flows make it a risky investment option due to a longer payback period

正解：A

解説：
Detailed Explanation:Project A's shorter payback period means the initial investment is recovered more quickly, which is often preferred in cost models. The higher initial cost is offset by substantial cash flows, making it the more viable option based on ROI. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Investment Appraisal Techniques.

質問 # 161
Which of the following are likely to be disadvantages of using outcome-based specifications? Select THREE that apply

A. Time consuming to produce
B. Long time delay between action and result
C. Responsibility for product failure falling to buyer
D. Ambiguity of outcome
E. Stifling innovation
F. Difficulty to measure performance

正解：B、D、F

解説：
An Outcome Based Specification (OBS) focuses on the desired outcome of a service in business terms, rather than a detailed technical specification of how the service is to be provided; this allows providers scope to propose innovative solutions that might not have occurred to the procurement team. Outcome should be distinguished from output, which is the measurable results of a set of inputs. The example of difference between outcome and output is written at the bottom of page 123 in the study guide.
Outcomes should be the starting point in making new specification. However, using outcome-based specification has some setbacks:
- First, it is not easy to measure the outcomes. Usually, outcome of a project is a statement like 'increase customer satisfaction', 'maintain ambient temperature' or 'provide a convenient way to do something'. They are not easy to measure as output.
- Second, sometimes the desired outcomes require time to be materialised
- Third, outcomes can be ambiguous
Reference: CIPS study guide page 122-123
LO3, AC 3.1

質問 # 162
A buyer can use sources of information to review indirect costs associated with the manufacture of goods to support supplier negotiations. Is this statement true?

A. No, because the only information available is for direct costs
B. Yes, because the buyer can understand the cost build-up of the goods
C. Yes, because indirect costs are always variable
D. No, because the supplier's quotation is the only source of information

正解：B

解説：
Detailed Explanation:Analyzing both direct and indirect costs helps buyers understand cost structures and negotiate effectively. Indirect costs, like overheads, can be identified through supplier data and market benchmarks, aiding in cost transparency. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Cost Management and Negotiation.

質問 # 163
Which of the following technology is likely to be an innovation in financial sector?

A. E-auction
B. Blockchain
C. Robotics
D. E-commerce

正解：B

解説：
Traditional financial systems operate with a centralised database, usually with a single point of authority. Blockchain technology, on the other hand, allows for a distributed database that holds a growing number of records. Instead of existing in one place, the ledger is continually updated and synchronised across multiple computers in a network. Therefore, any participant in the network with the proper authorisation can view the entire ledger - without relying on an intermediary or any one authority.
Another key feature of blockchain technology is a "smart contract," which is a self-executing protocol that enforces a previously agreed arrangement. For example, a smart contract could trigger an automatic refund under certain conditions or the automatic payment of an agreed commission after a sale. These smart contracts can eliminate delays in traditional Finance processes, while increasing transparency and reducing reliance on middlemen to follow through on their commitments. Moreover, like other parts of a blockchain, smart contracts are immutable, so they can enhance accuracy in the financial statements.
LO 2, AC 2.1

質問 # 164
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L4M2日本語試験対策: https://www.xhs1991.com/L4M2.html

ちなみに、Xhs1991 L4M2の一部をクラウドストレージからダウンロードできます：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1xl78fewJCBpobWLpGeVZQR4F-EppT6Lt