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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Understand the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation | - Understand the behavioral aspects of negotiation
|
| Topic 2: Understand how to prepare for negotiations in procurement and supply | - Understand how to prepare for a negotiation
|
| Topic 3: Understand the stages of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply | - Analyze the types of approaches that can be pursued in commercial negotiations
|
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NEW QUESTION # 321
Mike is a junior buyer who has been working for a manufacturing organisation for two years, specializing in purchasing research. Over this time, he has built good relationships within his team and with other departments. Which of the following sources of power is Mike most likely to possess?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Referent power is based on personal relationships and the respect or admiration one earns within an organization. Given Mike's positive relationships and his rapport with team members and other departments, he is most likely to have referent power. This power type is influential in negotiation as people are more willing to work with someone they respect, as outlined in CIPS power dynamics in negotiation.
NEW QUESTION # 322
What are the potential sources of conflict between the buyer and supplier? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Late paymentsdamage trust and strain supplier cash flow, becoming a direct source of conflict. Similarly, when gains, risks, or costs arenot equitably shared, perceptions of unfairness can destabilize the relationship.
"Persistent late payments not only threaten supplier cash flows but can significantly erode trust. Additionally, disproportionate sharing of risks or benefits can create resentment and hinder collaboration." (L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 1.3 - Causes and Management of Conflict in Procurement)
NEW QUESTION # 323
According to Fiona Dent and Mike Brent, which of the following are characteristics of Push approach? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
According to the book 'Influencing: Skills and techniques for business success' by Fiona Dent and Mike Brent, there are two major influencing styles. Push tends to be directive. It tells, and is clear and resolute, but needs to be employed in situations where firmness is required because of difficulties that exist or weakness is evident. Pull is more participatory and collaborative. It seeks to incorporate everyone's perspective. It can appear wishy-washy if not skilfully employed. That approach should be followed which is most likely to secure commitment and not mere compliance.
The two divisions can be further divided into four style categories: directive; persuasive reasoning; collaborative - team oriented, people oriented to inspire them with a vision. The directive style relies on your expertise and reputation being respected by others, and where there really does seem to be one answer. It is
"I" driven whereas persuasive reasoning is more "we" and issue driven. Directive styles can make the user appear as "a bull in a china shop"; persuasive reasoning can be portrayed as tough guy.
Collaborative influencing takes the "we" element further and seeks to mobilise everyone's ideas in a journey of discovery. It may have the flavour of "I'm your best friend", which may not go down too well. Visioning style is concerned to stir people's emotions in support of achieving an objective. This last one has been used by demagogues to stir people's hearts and minds for evil purposes as well as good.
A useful table offers the benefits, problems, words and body language associated with each style along with advice on when to use and when to avoid each. Cases and exercises illustrate these styles.
Empathy comes in for extended treatment with the definition of "standing in the other's shoes". This does not necessarily happen just intuitively, and therefore before a specific influencing effort there should be an intense effort to think about the other person or persons and to sense what it might feel like to be them - their hopes, fears, concerns, what turns them on, what turns them off, where are they coming from.
NEW QUESTION # 324
Which negotiation approach is focused on a win-win outcome?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A collaborative negotiation approach is explicitly designed to achieve win-win outcomes, where both parties work together to maximise joint value. This approach is closely associated with integrative negotiation, emphasising trust, information sharing, and joint problem-solving. Distributive and adversarial approaches are win-lose, focusing on dividing value rather than creating it. "Collective" is not a recognised CIPS negotiation approach. Collaborative negotiation is particularly suitable where long-term relationships, shared objectives, or strategic partnerships are important.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Commercial Negotiation (CORE), 2nd edition - LO 1.1: Integrative and collaborative negotiation approaches.
NEW QUESTION # 325
The buyer's bargaining power tends to berelatively higher than supplier's bargaining power in which of the following circumstances?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Buyer power gives customers/consumers (buyers) the ability to squeeze industry margins by pressuring firms (the suppliers) to reduce prices or increase the quality of services or products offered.
There are four major factors to consider when determining the bargaining power of buyers:
1. Number of buyers relative to suppliers: If the number of buyers is small relative to that of suppliers,the buyer's power will be stronger.
2. Dependence of a buyer's purchase on a particular supplier: If a buyer is able to get similar products/services from other suppliers, buyers depend less on a particular supplier. Therefore, the power of the buyer would be greater.
3. Switching costs: If there are not many alternative suppliers available, the cost of switching is high.
Therefore, buyer power would be low.
4. Backward Integration: If the buyer is able to integrate or merge suppliers, the buyer has greater bargaining power over the existing suppliers.
When is Bargaining Power of Buyers High/Strong?
There are fewer buyers relative to that of suppliers
The switching costs of the buyer are low
If the buyer is able to backward integrate
The buyer purchases product in bulk (high volume)
The buyer is able to get similar product/services from other suppliers
The buyer purchases the majority of the seller's products
Several substitutes are available on the market
Product is not differentiated
NEW QUESTION # 326
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