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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: The Linux Operating System | - Processes and System Resources - Package Management Basics - Operating System Components |
| Topic 2: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source | - ICT Skills and Working in Linux - Major Open Source Applications - Open Source Software and Licensing - Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems |
| Topic 3: Finding Your Way on a Linux System | - Command Line Basics - File and Directory Operations - Filesystem Navigation |
| Topic 4: The Power of the Linux Command Line | - Working with Text Streams - Introduction to Shell and Scripting Concepts - Basic Commands and Utilities |
| Topic 5: Security and File Permissions | - Basic Security Concepts - File Permissions and Ownership - Users and Groups |
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質問 # 116
What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two correct answers.)
正解：A、B
解説：
Explanation
The main difference between hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs) is the way they store and access data. HDDs use a spinning disk (platter) and a moving head to read and write data, while SSDs use flash memory chips that have no moving parts. This makes SSDs faster, quieter, and more durable than HDDs, but also more expensive and less spacious. HDDs and SSDs are both I/O devices that can be used to boot the system and store data, but they have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case.
References:
* Difference between Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
* Hard Disk Drive (HDD) vs. Solid State Drive (SSD): What's the Difference?
* How to Check Whether Your Disk Is an SSD or HDD on Linux
質問 # 117
The ownership of the file doku.odt should be changed. The new owner is named tux. Which command accomplishes this change?
正解：E
解説：
The correct command to change the ownership of the file doku.odt to a new owner named tux is chown tux doku.odt. This command uses the chown command, which stands for change owner, followed by the name of the new owner and the name of the file as arguments. The chown command allows you to change the user and/or group ownership of a given file, directory, or symbolic link12. The other options are incorrect because they use different commands or syntax that do not change the ownership of the file. For example:
Option A uses the chmod command, which stands for change mode, and is used to change the permissions of files and directories, not the ownership3.
Option B uses the newuser command, which is used to create a new user account, not to change the ownership of a file4.
Option D uses the transfer command, which is not a valid Linux command.
Option E uses the passwd command, which is used to change the password of a user account, not the ownership of a file5.
質問 # 118
What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory's content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)
正解：
解説：
lsR
Explanation:
The -R parameter of the ls command prints a recursive listing of a directory's content, meaning that it will list not only the files and directories in the current directory, but also the files and directories in all the subdirectories12. For example, if you have a directory structure like this:
/home/user/ ├── dir1 │ ├── file1 │ └── file2 └── dir2 ├── file3 └── file4 You can use the command ls -R /home/user/ to list all the files and directories recursively, and the output will look like this:
/home/user/: dir1 dir2
/home/user/dir1: file1 file2
/home/user/dir2: file3 file4
The -R parameter is also known as the --recursive option, which is the long form of the same parameter12. You can use either -R or --recursive to achieve the same result.
Reference:
Use ls Command Recursively - Linux Handbook
How to List Files Recursively in Linux command line
質問 # 119
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
正解：B
質問 # 120
Which of the following characters in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges?
正解：A
解説：
The shell prompt is a symbol or a string of characters that indicates the shell is ready to accept commands. The shell prompt can be customized by the user or by the system administrator. The default shell prompt for a normal user is usually a dollar sign ($), while the default shell prompt for the root user is usually a hash sign (#). The root user is the superuser or the administrator of the system, who has full access and control over all files, commands, and resources. Running commands as root can be dangerous, as it can cause irreversible damage to the system if done incorrectly. Therefore, it is advisable to use sudo or su to run commands as root only when necessary, and to switch back to a normal user as soon as possible. The shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges when it ends with a hash sign (#). Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
Running a shell command as root - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
質問 # 121
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