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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: IEEE 802.11 Protocols and Devices | 20% | - 802.11 Frame Types
|
| Topic 2: IEEE 802.11 Regulations and Standards | 15% | - Regulatory Bodies and Domains
|
| Topic 3: IEEE 802.11 Network Implementation | 20% | - Deployment Models
|
| Topic 4: IEEE 802.11 Network Security | 15% | - Encryption and Authentication
|
| Topic 5: IEEE 802.11 Network Operations | 15% | - Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 6: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 15% | - RF Mathematics
|
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NEW QUESTION # 115
What authentication method is referenced in the 802.11-2016 and 802.11-2020 specifications and is recommended for robust WI-AN client security?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The authentication method that is referenced in the 802.11-2016 and 802.11-2020 specifications and is recommended for robust WLAN client security is 802.1X/EAP. 802.1X/EAP stands for IEEE 802.1X Port-Based Network Access Control with Extensible Authentication Protocol and is a framework that provides strong authentication and dynamic encryption key generation for WLAN clients. 802.1X/EAP involves three parties: the supplicant (the client), the authenticator (the AP or the controller), and the authentication server (usually a RADIUS server). The supplicant sends its credentials (such as username and password, certificate, or token) to the authenticator, which forwards them to the authentication server. The authentication server verifies the credentials and sends a response to the authenticator, which grants or denies access to the supplicant. The authentication server also generates a master key that is used to derive encryption keys for the data frames between the supplicant and the authenticator. 802.1X/EAP supports various EAP methods that offer different levels of security and flexibility, such as EAP- TLS, EAP-PEAP, EAP-TTLS, EAP-FAST, and EAP-SIM. SSL, IPSec, and WEP are not authentication methods, but rather encryption or security protocols that are not specific to WLANs or referenced in the 802.11 specifications.
NEW QUESTION # 116
What statement about 802.11 WLAN bridges is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
WLAN bridges must use a channel with acceptable SNR at both transceivers to maintain the desired data rate bi-directionally. A WLAN bridge is a device that connects two or more networks using the 802.11 protocol. A WLAN bridge must have a clear and strong signal between the two endpoints to ensure reliable and fast data transmission. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a measure of the quality of the signal, which depends on the distance, interference, obstacles, and antenna gain between the transceivers. A higher SNR means a better signal quality and a higher data rate. A lower SNR means a worse signal quality and a lower data rate. Therefore, a WLAN bridge must use a channel with acceptable SNR at both transceivers to maintain the desired data rate bi-directionally1.
NEW QUESTION # 117
Three access points are used within a facility. One access point is on channel 11 and the other two are on channel 1. The two access points using channel 1 are on either side of the access point using channel 11 and sufficiently apart so that they do not interfere with each other when they transmit frames. Assuming no other APs are in the vicinity, is CCI still a possibility in this network and why?
Answer: B
Explanation:
CCI is still a possibility in this network because the client devices connected to one of the channel 1 APs will transmit frames that reach the other channel 1 AP as well as clients connected to the other channel 1 AP. CCI stands for co-channel interference, which is a type of interference that occurs when two or more devices transmit on the same channel within range of each other. CCI reduces performance and capacity because it causes contention and collisions on the wireless medium, which leads to retransmissions and delays. CCI can be mitigated by increasing physical separation between devices using the same channel or by reducing transmit power levels to limit coverage area. In this scenario, three access points are used within a facility.
One access point is on channel 11 and the other two are on channel 1. The two access points using channel 1 are on either side of the access point using channel 11 and sufficiently apart so that they do not interfere with each other when they transmit frames. However, this does not prevent CCI from occurring between their client devices that are connected on channel 1. For example, if a client device connected to one of the channel
1 APs sends a frame to another device on the wired network or on another wireless network (such as an Internet server or a VoIP phone), that frame will be heard by both channel 1 APs as well as any other client devices connected to either of them on channel 1. This will cause CCI because these devices will have to wait for the channel to be clear before they can transmit their own frames. The answer that CCI only occurs in the
5 GHz frequency band is incorrect; CCI can occur in any frequency band where devices use the same channel.
The answer that channel 11 loops around and causes CCI with channel 1 is also incorrect; channel 11 does not loop around and it operates in a different frequency band than channel 1. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 147
NEW QUESTION # 118
What is the key difference between a passive and an active manual site survey?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In a passive site survey, the survey software listens for beacon frames from nearby APs to measure signal strength and coverage without actually associating with any of them. In an active site survey, the surveyor's device associates with each AP in turn and can measure actual throughput, retransmissions, and other performance metrics under real association conditions.
Active surveys provide more accurate real-world performance data but take longer to conduct than passive surveys.
NEW QUESTION # 119
What field within a Beacon frame is used to inform sleeping stations that the AP has buffered broadcast or multicast traffic to be delivered?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Traffic Indication Map (TIM) is a field included in every Beacon frame that indicates which associated stations, identified by their Association ID, have buffered unicast frames waiting at the AP. A special variant, the Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM), is sent at a configured interval and informs stations that buffered broadcast or multicast traffic will be delivered following that particular beacon. Stations in power save mode wake periodically to check the TIM/DTIM and determine whether they need to retrieve buffered data.
NEW QUESTION # 120
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