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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Monitor data pipelines
|
| Topic 2: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Implement data quality checks
|
| Topic 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Transform and process data
|
| Topic 4: Data Store Management | 26% | - Understand data cataloging
|
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NEW QUESTION # 205
A company stores data from an application in an Amazon DynamoDB table that operates in provisioned capacity mode. The workloads of the application have predictable throughput load on a regular schedule.
Every Monday, there is an immediate increase in activity early in the morning. The application has very low usage during weekends.
The company must ensure that the application performs consistently during peak usage times.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST cost-effective way?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. DynamoDB offers two capacity modes for throughput capacity:
provisioned and on-demand. In provisioned capacity mode, you specify the number of read and write capacity units per second that you expect your application to require. DynamoDB reserves the resources to meet your throughput needs with consistent performance. In on-demand capacity mode, you pay per request and DynamoDB scales the resources up and down automatically based on the actual workload. On-demand capacity mode is suitable for unpredictable workloads that can vary significantly over time1.
The solution that meets the requirements in the most cost-effective way is to use AWS Application Auto Scaling to schedule higher provisioned capacity for peak usage times and lower capacity during off-peak times. This solution has the following advantages:
It allows you to optimize the cost and performance of your DynamoDB table by adjusting the provisioned capacity according to your predictable workload patterns. You can use scheduled scaling to specify the date and time for the scaling actions, and the new minimum and maximum capacity limits. For example, you can schedule higher capacity for every Monday morning and lower capacity for weekends2.
It enables you to take advantage of the lower cost per unit of provisioned capacity mode compared to on- demand capacity mode. Provisioned capacity mode charges a flat hourly rate for the capacity you reserve, regardless of how much you use. On-demand capacity mode charges for each read and write request you consume, with no minimum capacity required. For predictable workloads, provisioned capacity mode can be more cost-effective than on-demand capacity mode1.
It ensures that your application performs consistently during peak usage times by having enough capacity to handle the increased load. You can also use auto scaling to automatically adjust the provisioned capacity based on the actual utilization of your table, and set a target utilization percentage for your table or global secondary index. This way, you can avoid under-provisioning or over-provisioning your table2.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests increasing the provisioned capacity to the maximum capacity that is currently present during peak load times. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It wastes money by paying for unused capacity during off-peak times. If you provision the same high capacity for all times, regardless of the actual workload, you are over-provisioning your table and paying for resources that you don't need1.
It does not account for possible changes in the workload patterns over time. If your peak load times increase or decrease in the future, you may need to manually adjust the provisioned capacity to match the new demand. This adds operational overhead and complexity to your application2.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests dividing the table into two tables and provisioning each table with half of the provisioned capacity of the original table. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It complicates the data model and the application logic by splitting the data into two separate tables. You need to ensure that the queries are evenly distributed across both tables, and that the data is consistent and synchronized between them. This adds extra development and maintenance effort to your application3.
It does not solve the problem of adjusting the provisioned capacity according to the workload patterns. You still need to manually or automatically scale the capacity of each table based on the actual utilization and demand. This may result in under-provisioning or over-provisioning your tables2.
Option D is incorrect because it suggests changing the capacity mode from provisioned to on-demand. This solution has the following disadvantages:
It may incur higher costs than provisioned capacity mode for predictable workloads. On-demand capacity mode charges for each read and write request you consume, with no minimum capacity required. For predictable workloads, provisioned capacity mode can be more cost-effective than on-demand capacity mode, as you can reserve the capacity you need at a lower rate1.
It may not provide consistent performance during peak usage times, as on-demand capacity mode may take some time to scale up the resources to meet the sudden increase in demand. On-demand capacity mode uses adaptive capacity to handle bursts of traffic, but it may not be able to handle very large spikes or sustained high throughput. In such cases, you may experience throttling or increased latency.
1: Choosing the right DynamoDB capacity mode - Amazon DynamoDB
2: Managing throughput capacity automatically with DynamoDB auto scaling - Amazon DynamoDB
3: Best practices for designing and using partition keys effectively - Amazon DynamoDB
[4]: On-demand mode guidelines - Amazon DynamoDB
[5]: How to optimize Amazon DynamoDB costs - AWS Database Blog
[6]: DynamoDB adaptive capacity: How it works and how it helps - AWS Database Blog
[7]: Amazon DynamoDB pricing - Amazon Web Services (AWS)
NEW QUESTION # 206
A company is planning to upgrade its Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) General Purpose SSD storage from gp2 to gp3. The company wants to prevent any interruptions in its Amazon EC2 instances that will cause data loss during the migration to the upgraded storage.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Changing the volume type of the existing gp2 volumes to gp3 is the easiest and fastest way to migrate to the new storage type without any downtime or data loss. You can use the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or the Amazon EC2 API to modify the volume type, size, IOPS, and throughput of your gp2 volumes. The modification takes effect immediately, and you can monitor the progress of the modification using CloudWatch. The other options are either more complex or require additional steps, such as creating snapshots, transferring data, or attaching new volumes, which can increase the operational overhead and the risk of errors. Reference:
Migrating Amazon EBS volumes from gp2 to gp3 and save up to 20% on costs (Section: How to migrate from gp2 to gp3) Switching from gp2 Volumes to gp3 Volumes to Lower AWS EBS Costs (Section: How to Switch from GP2 Volumes to GP3 Volumes) Modifying the volume type, IOPS, or size of an EBS volume - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Section: Modifying the volume type)
NEW QUESTION # 207
A company has a data warehouse in Amazon Redshift. To comply with security regulations, the company needs to log and store all user activities and connection activities for the data warehouse.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company must log all user activities and connection activities in Amazon Redshift for security compliance.
Key Considerations:
Redshift supports audit logging, which can be configured to write logs to an S3 bucket.
S3 provides durable, scalable, and cost-effective storage for logs.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: S3 for Logging
Standard approach for storing Redshift logs.
Easy to set up and manage with minimal cost.
Option B: Amazon EFS
EFS is unnecessary for this use case and less cost-efficient than S3.
Option C: Aurora MySQL
Using a database to store logs increases complexity and cost.
Option D: EBS Volume
EBS is not a scalable option for log storage compared to S3.
Final Recommendation:
Enable Redshift audit logging and specify an S3 bucket as the destination.
Amazon Redshift Audit Logging
Storing Logs in Amazon S3
NEW QUESTION # 208
A data engineer needs Amazon Athena queries to finish faster. The data engineer notices that all the files the Athena queries use are currently stored in uncompressed .csv format. The data engineer also notices that users perform most queries by selecting a specific column.
Which solution will MOST speed up the Athena query performance?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet.
However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row- oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset of columns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run- length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, changing the data format from CSV to Parquet and applying Snappy compression will most speed up the Athena query performance. Parquet is a column-oriented format that allows Athena to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. Snappy is a compression algorithm that reduces the data size without compromising the query speed, as it is splittable and does not require decompression before reading. This solution will also reduce the cost of Athena queries, as Athena charges based on the amount of data scanned from S3.
The other options are not as effective as changing the data format to Parquet and applying Snappy compression. Changing the data format from CSV to JSON and applying Snappy compression will not improve the query performance significantly, as JSON is also a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using Snappy compression will reduce the data size, but it will not improve the query performance significantly, as CSV is still a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using gzjg compression will reduce the data size, but it will degrade the query performance, as gzjg is not a splittable compression algorithm and requires decompression before reading. References:
* Amazon Athena
* Choosing the Right Data Format
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Visualization, Section 5.1: Amazon Athena
NEW QUESTION # 209
A manufacturing company uses AWS Glue jobs to process IoT sensor data to generate predictive maintenance models. A data engineer needs to implement automated data quality checks to identify temperature readings that are outside the expected range of -50°C to 150°C. The data quality checks must also identify records that are missing timestamp values.
The data engineer needs a solution that requires minimal coding and can automatically flag the specified issues.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AWS Glue DataBrew provides a no-code data preparation and validation interface. It allows you to set data profiling, completeness checks, and numeric range validations directly through its UI-ideal for IoT validation use cases.
"AWS Glue DataBrew enables users to define validation rules such as completeness and value range checks without writing code."
- Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate Certification - version 2 - apple.pdf This fulfills the requirement for minimal coding and automatic data quality flagging.
NEW QUESTION # 210
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