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質問 # 19
Whistlekleen is a national dry cleaning and laundry organization with 50 shops. You are conducting an OHSMS surveillance audit of the head office and are sampling health and safety performance monitoring.
You find that 80 per cent of incident originate from five shops in the same region. Most of these relate to staff and customer feeling unwell due to breathing in the pungent atmosphere. Some required to be hospitalized.
The OHS Manager tells you that these are the oldest shops in the organization. The cleaning equipment emits Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and needs replacing but the organisation cannot afford it at the moment.
You raise the following nonconformity against clause 10.2 of ISO 45001.
''The organization failed to act after incidents in the five old shops involving the release of VOCs from laundry operations, which resulted in injury in some instances. The equipment used was not capable of consistently operating to the required level of safety'' Select one of the options which would constitute the most effective corrective action for the nonconformity.
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit References Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001 pertains to Nonconformity and Corrective Action. Organizations are required to evaluate incidents, investigate their causes, and implement effective corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
* Issue Identified:The incidents in the five old shops are related to VOC emissions from outdated equipment, leading to staff and customer health concerns. This indicates inadequate risk management and failure to act on known safety issues.
* Analysis of Options:
* A. Display an emergency phone number.This is a reactive approach and does not address the root cause of the issue, i.e., VOC emissions. It also does not align with ISO 45001's emphasis on preventive measures.
* B. Evaluate and update the PPE requirements.While PPE is important, relying solely on PPE without addressing the root cause (emission of VOCs) is insufficient. PPE is considered the last line of defense under the hierarchy of controls.
* C. Reassess the OH&S risks associated with the laundry process in the five old shops.This option aligns with ISO 45001, Clause 8.1.2, and Clause 10.2, as it emphasizes reassessing risks and taking steps to mitigate them. A thorough risk assessment could lead to interim measures such as process improvements or administrative controls until the equipment is replaced.
* D. Review the current safety procedures.While reviewing safety procedures is useful, it does not address the specific nonconformity related to the equipment's inability to operate safely.
* Best Action:Reassessing the risks in the five shops (Option C) ensures a comprehensive review of the hazards posed by outdated equipment, leading to appropriate preventive and corrective actions.
ISO References:
* Clause 10.2: Requires identifying and addressing nonconformities to prevent recurrence.
* Clause 8.1.2: Emphasizes the hierarchy of controls and risk assessment as a foundation for mitigating hazards.
質問 # 20
On behalf of a certification body, you are conducting a combined audit of Shelf-Fit. The organization designs, manufacturing install interiors for retail stores. They employ subcontractors for the installation work.
Representing the ISO 45001 audit, you ask the Purchase Manager about the identification of health and safety hazards for contractors on site. Having previously reviewed the hazards list (HZD-21/11 Rev.3), you found that various health and safety hazards were listed but not were associated with contractor working on-site.
When you ask about the use of contractors, the response is, ''We know that contractors use chemicals, such as glues, paints and vanishes. We trust them since they know more than we do about the safe handling of such issues''. The auditor made the same enquiry to an accompanying member of the health and safety team and was told that chemical safety had never been a problem with the installation process.
正解：C、F、I
解説：
Major nonconformities are raised when there is a systemic failure to meet ISO 45001 requirements that could lead to significant risks.
Analysis of Options:
B . Lack of a documented process for controlling outsourced work (8.1.4.3):
Major nonconformity. A failure to control outsourced work is a serious systemic issue.
C . Failure to include OH&S policy in contractor contracts (5.2.f):
Not a major nonconformity. While this is a nonconformity, it is procedural and not critical.
D . No hazard assessment for installation works (6.1.2.2):
Major nonconformity. A lack of hazard assessment for site-specific tasks is a serious issue.
E . Missing safety data sheets for contractor chemicals (8.1.4.2):
Not a major nonconformity. While important, this issue does not indicate systemic failure.
G . Chemical hazards on installation sites not referenced in the hazard list (6.1.2.2):
Major nonconformity. This reflects a failure in hazard identification and risk assessment.
H . Internal audit program does not cover installation sites (9.2.2):
Not a major nonconformity. This is a gap in auditing scope but does not directly endanger safety.
I . Safe use of chemicals left to contractors:
Not a major nonconformity. This could be addressed through improved contractor oversight rather than indicating systemic failure.
ISO Reference:
Clause 8.1.4.3: Control of outsourced processes.
Clause 6.1.2.2: Hazard identification and risk assessment.
Clause 7.4.1: Communication requirements.
質問 # 21
On behalf of a certification body, you are conducting a combined audit of Shelf-Fit. The organization designs, manufacturing install interiors for retail stores. They employ subcontractors for the installation work.
Representing the ISO 45001 audit, you ask the Purchase Manager about the identification of health and safety hazards for contractors on site. Having previously reviewed the hazards list (HZD-21/11 Rev.3), you found that various health and safety hazards were listed but not were associated with contractor working on-site.
When you ask about the use of contractors, the response is, ''We know that contractors use chemicals, such as glues, paints and vanishes. We trust them since they know more than we do about the safe handling of such issues''. The auditor made the same enquiry to an accompanying member of the health and safety team and was told that chemical safety had never been a problem with the installation process.
正解：B、D、I
解説：
Major nonconformities are raised when there is a systemic failure to meet ISO 45001 requirements that could lead to significant risks.
Analysis of Options:
* B. Lack of a documented process for controlling outsourced work (8.1.4.3):Major nonconformity.
A failure to control outsourced work is a serious systemic issue.
* C. Failure to include OH&S policy in contractor contracts (5.2.f):Not a major nonconformity.
While this is a nonconformity, it is procedural and not critical.
* D. No hazard assessment for installation works (6.1.2.2):Major nonconformity. A lack of hazard assessment for site-specific tasks is a serious issue.
* E. Missing safety data sheets for contractor chemicals (8.1.4.2):Not a major nonconformity. While important, this issue does not indicate systemic failure.
* G. Chemical hazards on installation sites not referenced in the hazard list (6.1.2.2):Major nonconformity. This reflects a failure in hazard identification and risk assessment.
* H. Internal audit program does not cover installation sites (9.2.2):Not a major nonconformity. This is a gap in auditing scope but does not directly endanger safety.
* I. Safe use of chemicals left to contractors:Not a major nonconformity. This could be addressed through improved contractor oversight rather than indicating systemic failure.
ISO References:
* Clause 8.1.4.3: Control of outsourced processes.
* Clause 6.1.2.2: Hazard identification and risk assessment.
* Clause 7.4.1: Communication requirements.
質問 # 22
What is the definition of the term 'audit' as per clause 3.32 of ISO 45001:2018?
正解：B
解説：
According to Clause 3.32 of ISO 45001:2018, an audit is defined as a systematic, independent, and documented process for obtaining objective evidence and evaluating it to determine the extent to which audit criteria are fulfilled.
This involves assessing the effectiveness of health and safety measures implemented in the organization's OH&S management system.
Analysis of Options:
* A. A systematic process to assess the risks in a workplace:Incorrect. While audits may include risk assessments, the purpose is broader and involves evaluating the entire OH&S management system.
* B. An evaluation of the effectiveness of health and safety measures:Correct. This aligns with the definition of an audit as per ISO 45001:2018.
* C. A legal requirement to comply with health and safety standards:Incorrect. An audit is not necessarily a legal requirement but a process to assess conformity.
* D. A document that outlines safety procedures and guidelines:Incorrect. An audit is a process, not a document.
ISO Reference:
* Clause 3.32: Audit definition.
質問 # 23
You are the OH and S manager in an organisation that makes plastic toys using injection moulding machines.
You are currently training three new internal auditors who will be responsible for carrying out first- and second-party audits on behalf of your organisation. You ask them to identify which of the following statements about grading first and/or second-party nonconformities are correct.
Identify which three of the following are true:
正解：B、C、D
解説：
The correct answers are D, F, H .
ISO 19011 guidance on generating audit findings says that nonconformities can be graded depending on the context of the organization and its risks . That directly supports D , because any grading should reflect the risk the nonconformity presents to the organization. The same guidance also says this grading can be quantitative (for example 1 to 5) or qualitative (for example minor/major) , which makes F correct.
Because the wording is "can be graded" , grading is optional rather than mandatory, so H is also true. ( Synersia Foundation ) Why the other options are not true:
* A is not a requirement in ISO 19011. An organization may define grading rules in its audit programme or procedure, but there is no rule that grading must be agreed with the individual(s) managing the audit programme. ( ISO )
* B is false. ISO 19011 does not recommend that top management grade nonconformities. Audit findings are generated by auditors based on objective evidence and audit criteria. ( ISO )
* C is false. A second-party audit team does not have to adopt the auditee's grading system. The grading approach can follow the auditing organization's own rules and purpose for the audit. ( ISO )
* E is false. Additional documented information at the closing meeting does not mean the grading must be changed. The evidence should be reviewed, but unresolved issues may simply remain recorded in the audit report. ( Synersia Foundation )
* G is false. There is no requirement that extra grading categories must be agreed with the auditee before the closing meeting. The auditee should understand the findings, but the grading framework is not something ISO 19011 requires to be negotiated at that point. ( ISO )
質問 # 24
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