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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Leadership | ~17% | - Leadership theories and styles
|
| Topic 2: Performance Evaluation | ~17% | - Evaluation systems and methods
|
| Topic 3: Organizational Culture | ~17% | - Culture definition and components
|
| Topic 4: Behavioral Influences | ~17% | - Individual behavior drivers
|
| Topic 5: Teams and Team Building | ~17% | - Team types and effectiveness
|
| Topic 6: Group Development | ~17% | - Group formation and stages
|
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NEW QUESTION # 36
What is a positive effect of a cohesive group?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Cohesiveness is generally viewed as a desirable trait in organizational groups because of its potential to improve group productivity. In a highly cohesive group, members are more likely to communicate effectively, experience less internal friction, and display higher levels of commitment to group goals. This internal synergy typically leads to a more efficient work process and higher quality output.
However, the relationship between cohesiveness and productivity is moderated byperformance-related norms. If a cohesive group has high performance norms (standards for hard work and quality), productivity will be significantly higher than in a group with low cohesiveness. Conversely, if a highly cohesive group has low performance norms, their productivity may actually decrease because they are united in their desire to work less. Despite this nuance, the fundamental positive organizational outcome associated with fostering cohesion is the enhancement of the group's ability to produce results.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which option defines organizational culture?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Organizational culture is defined as aunique system of shared meaningheld by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. This system of shared meaning is a set of key characteristics that the organization values. It represents the "common perception" held by the organization's members; even though individuals may have different backgrounds or occupy different levels in the hierarchy, they tend to describe the organization's culture in similar terms.
Culture is the social glue that helps hold the organization together by providing appropriate standards for what employees should say and do. It acts as a boundary-defining element, creates a sense of identity for employees, facilitates commitment to something larger than individual self-interest, and enhances the stability of the social system. While physical parameters (Option A) or HR programs (Option B) may reflect or support the culture, the culture itself is the underlying shared cognitive framework-the "way we do things around here"-that guides employee behavior and shapes their organizational experience.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which conflict-resolution techniques might a manager use to control the level of conflict that has become dysfunctional?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Conflict within an organization can be functional (supporting goals) or dysfunctional (hindering performance). When conflict becomes dysfunctional, managers must use conflict-resolution techniques to bring it back to a manageable or productive level. Two such techniques areCompromiseandSuperordinate goals.
Compromiseinvolves each party giving up something of value to reach a solution where no one is a clear winner or loser. It is often used when goals are important but not worth the potential disruption of more assertive methods.Superordinate goalsinvolve creating a shared goal that cannot be attained without the cooperation of each of the conflicting parties. By focusing on a higher-level objective, the competing groups or individuals are forced to set aside their differences to achieve a common success. Other techniques include problem-solving (face-to-face meetings), smoothing (playing down differences), and avoidance. Choosing the right technique depends on the nature of the conflict and the desired long-term relationship between the parties. In many organizational settings, shifting the focus to superordinate goals is particularly effective because it aligns individual interests with organizational outcomes.
NEW QUESTION # 39
A team was assigned a project. Halfway through the project, however, it became obvious that the team was failing to meet expectations. Management had made sure that individuals assigned to the team had strong technical expertise as well as problem-solving and decision-making skills. However, other abilities for effective teamwork were overlooked. Which ability necessary for team members was overlooked?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To perform effectively, a team requires three different types of skills. First, it needs people with technical expertise to perform the task at hand. Second, it needs people with problem-solving and decision-making skills to be able to identify problems, generate alternatives, and make competent choices. Finally, and perhaps most importantly for group cohesion, a team needs people with stronginterpersonal skills. Interpersonal skills include effective listening, feedback, and conflict resolution.
In the scenario provided, the team had the "hard" skills (technical and analytical) but lacked the "soft" skills required to navigate the social complexities of working as a unit. Without interpersonal skills, a team may have the smartest individuals but still fail because they cannot communicate effectively or resolve the inevitable friction that arises during a long-term project. While "propensity for social loafing" is a behavior to avoid, and "authoritarian personality" is often a hindrance, the foundational "ability" cited in organizational behavior literature as a prerequisite for team success alongside technical and problem-solving skills is interpersonal competence.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Three employees meet face-to-face to identify a problem and resolve it through open discussion. Which type of conflict resolution technique is this?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Image of Conflict Management Grid
Conflict is an inherent part of group dynamics, and how it is managed determines whether the outcome is functional or dysfunctional. The scenario describes aProblem Solvingapproach (also known as collaborating or confronting). In this technique, the parties involved meet face-to-face with the explicit intent of identifying the underlying problem and resolving it through open, honest discussion. Unlike other methods that might avoid the issue or seek a quick "middle ground," problem solving seeks a "win-win" solution where the concerns of all parties are fully addressed.
Other techniques mentioned in the options serve different purposes:Smoothing(or accommodating) involves playing down differences to maintain surface-level harmony;Compromisingrequires each party to give up something of value; and theDevil's Advocaterole is a technique used to stimulate functional conflict by intentionally challenging the majority view. Because the employees are actively engaging in open discussion to find a root-cause resolution, it is classified as problem solving.
NEW QUESTION # 41
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