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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Initial patient assessment - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - General patient impression and priority determination - Airway, breathing, and circulation management |
| Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness - Hazard recognition and management |
| Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Communication with receiving facilities - Medication administration and protocols |
| EMS Operations | 10–14% | - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects - EMS system roles and responsibilities |
| Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Vital signs and monitoring - Symptom assessment and history taking - Focused history and physical exam |
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問題 #122
A 69-year-old patient has worsening respiratory symptoms secondary to congestive heart failure. Which of the following actions are proper techniques for auscultating the patient ' s lung sounds? Select the three answer options that are correct.
答案：A,E,F
解題說明：
The correct answers are A, B, and C . Proper lung auscultation technique includes listening to at least one full respiratory cycle at each location and placing the stethoscope on bare skin rather than over clothing.
Authoritative respiratory examination guidance also emphasizes comparing both sides systematically. ( PMC ) For a patient with congestive heart failure , it is appropriate to auscultate the bilateral lung bases first because CHF commonly produces bilateral basal crackles from pulmonary edema, often most noticeable at the posterior bases. ( NCBI )
問題 #123
A 9-month-old patient is unresponsive in a crib. The patient is not breathing. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform first?
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
In pediatric patients, NREMT guidelines require EMTs to check a pulse before initiating CPR when the patient is unresponsive and not breathing. For infants, the appropriate pulse check site is the brachial artery, assessed for no more than 10 seconds.
Option D is correct because determining whether a pulse is present guides whether rescue breathing or full CPR is required.
Option B is only appropriate if a pulse is present.
Option C is indicated only if no pulse is found or if the heart rate is below 60 with signs of poor perfusion.
Option A delays critical resuscitative care.
NREMT stresses strict adherence to pediatric resuscitation sequences to ensure appropriate and timely intervention.
問題 #124
A 3-year-old patient ingested laundry detergent. The patient is drowsy and has crackles in all lung fields.
What should most concern the EMT at this time? Select the three answer options that are correct.
答案：C,D,F
解題說明：
Laundry detergent ingestion - especially in the case of liquid detergent pods - is associated with caustic airway and gastrointestinal injuries. The presence of crackles and drowsiness are signs of aspiration and possible respiratory failure. Vomiting increases the risk of aspiration pneumonitis, and esophageal perforation is a life-threatening complication from corrosive ingestion.
While seizure and hypoglycemia are possible complications of toxic ingestion, they are not as immediately linked to the detergent profile as airway injury and aspiration risk.
References:
NREMT Pediatric Toxicology and Airway Emergencies
National Poison Data System (NPDS) Annual Report
AAOS Emergency Care Textbook (11th ed.) - Pediatric Poisoning and Toxin Exposure
問題 #125
A 45-year-old patient has a persistent productive cough and difficulty breathing. Wheezing is noted upon auscultation. Should the EMT place an N95 mask or a surgical mask over the patient ' s nebulizer for additional protection, and why?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C because a surgical mask provides source control by helping limit the spread of respiratory droplets from a coughing patient. Official CDC infection-control guidance states that if possible, a surgical mask should be placed on the patient to contain droplets expelled during coughing , and patients on droplet precautions should wear a mask if tolerated. This matches EMT operations and infection- control principles tested in NREMT-style questions.
CDC also explains that source control means using a mask or respirator to cover the patient's mouth and nose to help prevent spread of respiratory secretions. In this question, the purpose of placing a mask over or around the nebulizer setup is to reduce droplet spread to others , not to improve medication delivery.
問題 #126
When using the SALT method for triage, which of the following interventions should the EMT perform during the individual assessment step?
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
SALT(Sort, Assess, Lifesaving interventions, Treatment/Transport) is a mass casualty triage method recommended by theCDC and the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP). During the
"Assess" step, responders:
* Checkrespirations
* Providelifesaving interventionssuch asrescue breathsif the patient is not breathing but has a pulse
* Evaluatementation(e.g., ability to follow commands)
Airway adjuncts and full transport do not happen at this stage. Scorecards and pediatric-specific modifications are addressed later in the protocol.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Mass Casualty and Triage Guidelines
CDC SALT Mass Casualty Triage Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Disaster Response
問題 #127
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EMT考古題介紹: https://www.kaoguti.com/EMT_exam-pdf.html
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