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To achieve the CISA certification, candidates must pass a rigorous exam that tests their knowledge in five domains of information systems auditing, including auditing processes, governance and management of IT, information systems acquisition, development and implementation, information systems operations, maintenance and support, and protection of information assets. CISA Exam consists of 150 multiple-choice questions, and candidates have four hours to complete it. The passing score is 450 out of 800.
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ISACA CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor) exam is a globally recognized certification that validates the knowledge and skills of IT professionals in auditing, controlling, and monitoring information systems. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification is designed for IT auditors, security professionals, and information systems managers who want to enhance their career prospects and demonstrate their expertise in the field.
The skills tested in the CISA exam include the following domains:
The first topic is split into two parts. Therefore, candidates will need to demonstrate their skills in planning and executing the IS auditing process. The first subsection includes questions that will test the candidates' ability to manage IS audit standards, and apply the ISACA code of ethics. Also, they will need to show their experience in developing business processes and choose the right types of controls to improve business performance. Besides, they should be experts in risk-based audit planning and develop the right types of audits and assessments. The second subtopic focuses on concepts like audit project management and sampling methodology. Also, examinees should know how to audit evidence collection techniques and work with data analytics, as well as reporting and communication techniques.
Within the second domain, examinees will need to ensure IT governance and IT management. This means that they should be proficient in developing a coherent IT strategy and governance. Also, they should develop IT-related frameworks, standards, procedures, and policies. Candidates should be skilled in ensuring a correct organizational structure and enterprise architecture. They should also show maturity in handling enterprise risk management features and comply with the laws and the organization's standards. When it comes to IT management, applicants should know how to manage IT resources and manage IT service provider acquisition. Last but not least, they should ensure correct monitoring and reporting of IT performance and focus on IT quality assurance and management.
The third chapter focuses on information systems acquisition and development. Candidates should demonstrate their ability to govern and manage projects as well as develop a correct business case and feasibility analysis. Examinees will be required to answer questions related to system development methodologies and control design and identification features. The second subtopic included in this section handles Information Systems implementation. Thus, applicants will need to master testing methodologies and know how to configure and release the right management tools. Candidates should also focus on infrastructure deployment, data conversion, and system migration. The post-implementation review is also an important topic included here.
The fourth chapter concentrates on business resilience and information systems operations. Examinees will need to demonstrate how familiar they are with Business Impact Analysis, system resiliency, Business Continuity Plans, and Disaster Recovery Plans. These skills show the candidates' expertise in coming up with solutions that ensure business continuity in case something doesn't work as planned. This chapter also asks candidates to demonstrate that they know how to manage Common Technology components, master data governance, and end-user computing. Besides, they should be experienced in handling IT Service Level Agreements and Database Management. Applicants should also find the correct answer to questions related to Problem and Incident as well as Systems Performance Management.
The final topic handles information asset protection. Exam-takers should demonstrate that they understand how privacy principles work or if they are able to ensure network and end-point security. Also, they should be experienced in managing virtualization environments and work with Public Key Infrastructure. It is also essential that examinees understand how to manage Physical Access and Environmental controls as well as manage information asset security frameworks, guidelines, and standards. They should also know how to handle different security techniques dedicated to testing and monitoring. Besides, candidates should be proficient in managing incident response and handle evidence collection & forensics.
NEW QUESTION # 713
Which of the following layer of an enterprise data flow architecture is concerned with basic data communication?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Internet/Intranet layer - This layer is concerned with basic data communication. Included here are browser based user interface and TCP/IP networking.
For CISA exam you should know below information about business intelligence:
Business intelligence(BI) is a broad field of IT encompasses the collection and analysis of information to assist decision making and assess organizational performance.
To deliver effective BI, organizations need to design and implement a data architecture. The complete data architecture consists of two components The enterprise data flow architecture (EDFA)
A logical data architecture
Various layers/components of this data flow architecture are as follows:
Presentation/desktop access layer - This is where end users directly deal with information. This layer includes familiar desktop tools such as spreadsheets, direct querying tools, reporting and analysis suits offered by vendors such as Congas and business objects, and purpose built application such as balanced source cards and digital dashboards.
Data Source Layer - Enterprise information derives from number of sources:
Operational data - Data captured and maintained by an organization's existing systems, and usually held in system-specific database or flat files.
External Data - Data provided to an organization by external sources. This could include data such as customer demographic and market share information.
Nonoperational data - Information needed by end user that is not currently maintained in a computer accessible format.
Core data warehouse -This is where all the data of interest to an organization is captured and organized to assist reporting and analysis. DWs are normally instituted as large relational databases. A property constituted DW should support three basic form of an inquiry.
Drilling up and drilling down - Using dimension of interest to the business, it should be possible to aggregate data as well as drill down. Attributes available at the more granular levels of the warehouse can also be used to refine the analysis.
Drill across - Use common attributes to access a cross section of information in the warehouse such as sum sales across all product lines by customer and group of customers according to length of association with the company.
Historical Analysis - The warehouse should support this by holding historical, time variant data. An example of historical analysis would be to report monthly store sales and then repeat the analysis using only customer who were preexisting at the start of the year in order to separate the effective new customer from the ability to generate repeat business with existing customers.
Data Mart Layer- Data mart represents subset of information from the core DW selected and organized to meet the needs of a particular business unit or business line. Data mart can be relational databases or some form on-line analytical processing (OLAP) data structure.
Data Staging and quality layer -This layer is responsible for data copying, transformation into DW format and quality control. It is particularly important that only reliable data into core DW. This layer needs to be able to deal with problems periodically thrown by operational systems such as change to account number format and reuse of old accounts and customer numbers.
Data Access Layer -This layer operates to connect the data storage and quality layer with data stores in the data source layer and, in the process, avoiding the need to know to know exactly how these data stores are organized. Technology now permits SQL access to data even if it is not stored in a relational database.
Data Preparation layer -This layer is concerned with the assembly and preparation of data for loading into data marts. The usual practice is to per-calculate the values that are loaded into OLAP data repositories to increase access speed. Data mining is concern with exploring large volume of data to determine patterns and trends of information. Data mining often identifies patterns that are counterintuitive due to number and complexity of data relationships. Data quality needs to be very high to not corrupt the result.
Metadata repository layer - Metadata are data about data. The information held in metadata layer needs to extend beyond data structure names and formats to provide detail on business purpose and context. The metadata layer should be comprehensive in scope, covering data as they flow between the various layers, including documenting transformation and validation rules.
Warehouse Management Layer -The function of this layer is the scheduling of the tasks necessary to build and maintain the DW and populate data marts. This layer is also involved in administration of security.
Application messaging layer -This layer is concerned with transporting information between the various layers. In addition to business data, this layer encompasses generation, storage and targeted communication of control messages.
Internet/Intranet layer - This layer is concerned with basic data communication. Included here are browser based user interface and TCP/IP networking.
Various analysis models used by data architects/ analysis follows:
Activity or swim-lane diagram - De-construct business processes.
Entity relationship diagram -Depict data entities and how they relate. These data analysis methods obviously play an important part in developing an enterprise data model. However, it is also crucial that knowledgeable business operative are involved in the process. This way proper understanding can be obtained of the business purpose and context of the data. This also mitigates the risk of replication of suboptimal data configuration from existing systems and database into DW.
The following were incorrect answers:
Desktop access layer or presentation layer is where end users directly deal with information. This layer includes familiar desktop tools such as spreadsheets, direct querying tools, reporting and analysis suits offered by vendors such as Congas and business objects, and purpose built application such as balanced source cards and digital dashboards.
Data preparation layer -This layer is concerned with the assembly and preparation of data for loading into data marts. The usual practice is to per-calculate the values that are loaded into OLAP data repositories to increase access speed.
Data access layer - his layer operates to connect the data storage and quality layer with data stores in the data source layer and, in the process, avoiding the need to know to know exactly how these data stores are organized. Technology now permits SQL access to data even if it is not stored in a relational database.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 188
NEW QUESTION # 714
Which of the following is the BEST way for an IT forensics investigator to detect evidence of steganography?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Governance and Management of IT
NEW QUESTION # 715
Which of the following is the BEST way to handle obsolete magnetic tapes before disposing of them?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
The best way to handle obsolete magnetic tapes is to degauss them. This action leaves a very low residue
of magnetic induction, essentially erasing the data from the tapes. Overwriting or erasing the tapes may
cause magnetic errors but would not remove the data completely.
Initializing the tape labels would not remove the data that follows the label.
NEW QUESTION # 716
How does the digital envelop work? What are the correct steps to follow?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
The process of encrypting bulk data using symmetric key cryptography and then encrypting the session key using public key algorithm is referred as a digital envelope.
A Digital Envelope is used to send encrypted information using symmetric crypto cipher and then key session along with it. It is secure method to send electronic document without compromising the data integrity, authentication and non-repudiation, which were obtained with the use of symmetric keys.
A Digital envelope mechanism works as follows:
The symmetric key used to encrypt the message can be referred to as session key. The bulk of the message would take advantage of the high speed provided by Symmetric Cipher.
The session key must then be communicated to the receiver in a secure way to allow the receiver to decrypt the message.
If the session key is sent to receiver in the plain text, it could be captured in clear text over the network and anyone could access the session key which would lead to confidentiality being compromised.
Therefore it is critical to encrypt the session key with the receiver public key before sending it to the receiver. The receiver's will use their matching private key to decrypt the session key which then allow them to decrypt the message using the session key.
The encrypted message and the encrypted session key are sent to the receiver who, in turn decrypts the session key with the receiver's private key. The session key is then applied to the message cipher text to get the plain text.
The following were incorrect answers:
You encrypt the data using a session key and then encrypt session key using private key of a sender - If the session key is encrypted using sender's private key, it can be decrypted only using sender's public key.
The sender's public key is know to everyone so anyone can decrypt session key and message.
You encrypt the data using the session key and then you encrypt the session key using sender's public key
- If the session key is encrypted by using sender's public key then only sender can decrypt the session key using his/her own private key and receiver will not be able to decrypt the same.
You encrypt the data using the session key and then you encrypt the session key using the receiver's private key - Sender should not have access to receiver's private key. This is not a valid option.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 350 and 351
NEW QUESTION # 717
Data anonymization helps to prevent which types of attacks in a big data environment?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 718
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