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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Understand how to prepare for negotiations in procurement and supply | - Analyze the factors that impact on the approach to commercial negotiations
|
| Topic 2: Understand the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation | - Analyze the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation
|
| Topic 3: Understand the stages of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply | - Understand the stages of a commercial negotiation
|
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NEW QUESTION # 350
Which of the following is a disadvantage of absorption costing method?
Answer: A
Explanation:
:
Absorption costing is an approach to allocating overheads in which indirect costs are loaded or absorbed into direct costs related to specific jobs, processes or outputs, using an estimated basis of allocation.
Graphical user interface, text, chat or text message, website Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 351
Sally is negotiating with an oversea supplier on the price and payment period. Her company and the supplying organisation are equal in bargaining power.The supplier says that they are investing in new facilities and machinery so the payment period should not be longer than 30 days. Sally knows that her company often pays the suppliers after 45 days from the delivery, but at the moment the company has positive cash flow and it is able to pay immediately. Which of the following should be Sally's concession plan?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
In the scenario, the length of payment period is particularly important to the supplier as they are investing new facilities. Otherwise, the buyer's company has apositive cash flow position and budget is available for a shorter payment terms. So this tradeable (payment period) is important to supplier but it is not a significant problem with the buyer. This tradeable will fall within 'Easy concession to trade' quadrant in the following matrix:
Table Description automatically generated
If the tradeable fall within this quadrant, Sally should shorten the payment period in supplier's favour and try to win as many concessions as possible in return. Asking for a discount may be a reasonable trade-off.
LO 2,AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 352
Which of the following statements about oligopoly is incorrect?
Answer: C
Explanation:
An oligopoly exists when there are small number of producers that exert a significant influence in the market.
Oligopoly's main characteristics are discussed as follows:
- Interdependence
The most important feature of oligopoly is the interdependence in decision--making of the few firms which comprise the industry. This is because when the number of competi-tors is few, any change in price, output, product etc. by a firm will have a direct effect on the fortune of its rivals, which will then retaliate in changing their own prices, output or products as the case may be.
- Importance of advertising and selling costs
A direct effect of interdependence of oligopolists is that the various firms have to employ various aggressive and defensive marketing weapons to gain a greater share in the market or to prevent a fall in their market share. For this various firms have to incur a good deal of costs on advertising and on other measures of sales promotion. Therefore, there is a great importance of advertising and selling costs under conditions of market situation characterised by oligopoly
- Group behaviour
Another important feature of oligopoly is that for the proper solution to the problem of determination of price and output under, it analysis of group behaviour is impor-tant.
- Indeterminateness of demand curve facing an oligopolist
In this question, 'Prices in oligopoly are predicted to fluctuate widely and frequently' is an incorrect statement as producers in oligopoly often try to set up price. Prices fluctuate more frequently in perfect competition.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 353
When is the best time for buyer to propose the negotiation agenda to potential supplier?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A business negotiation agenda is a formal agreed upon list of goals to be achieved or items to be discussed in a particular order during a meeting or negotiation. Agendascan be formal and obvious, or informal and subtle in negotiations.
The agenda is one of the main structural elements of negotiation, in addition to such questions as site, identification of participants, and elements of timing. Together, they answer the who, what, when, and where questions. As with other aspects of negotiation, the agenda can be used either manipulatively to enhance leverage or to improve the prospects for agreement and the possibilities for mutual gain. In most cases, it will be used bothways, reflecting the nature of negotiation as a "mixed-motive" situation.
Although it can be instrumental to [research] volunteer as a sole source to write the agenda, in most cases it becomes a joint activity to construct a consensual basis for subsequent negotiation. In these situations, agenda-building becomes one of the pre-negotiation activities that set the tone for the relationship (Saunders,
1985). In other situations, the parties may engage in actual negotiation without a formal or written agenda.When this occurs, the risks and uncertainties may be high but the party who appreciates the importance of the informal agenda has a tremendous advantage.
Whether one plans it or not, during the course of negotiation the parties will discuss a finite set of issues in some sequence and from a particular perceptual framework. Consciousness of the universality and centrality of the agenda is prerequisite to guiding negotiation to a successful conclusion.
NEW QUESTION # 354
Where a market consists of a large producer with high power, it is known as ...
Answer: B
Explanation:
A monopoly occurs when a single supplier dominates a market, giving them high bargaining power over buyers. By contrast, monopsony is where a single buyer dominates, oligopoly involves a few large suppliers, and monopolistic competition refers to many suppliers with differentiated products. Monopoly power in negotiations means buyers have reduced leverage and may need to rely on regulatory frameworks or collaborative strategies to balance outcomes.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 (2nd ed.), LO 1.2 - Market structures and their impact on negotiation leverage.
NEW QUESTION # 355
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