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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 2. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 3. Market data sources for cost/price information
  • 4. Direct and indirect costs
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 2. Impact of business needs on purchase types
  • 3. Procurement's role in developing business cases
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Purpose and structure of budgets
  • 2. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 3. Budget performance and variance management
- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Benchmarking requirements
  • 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
Topic 2: Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
Topic 3: Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Methods for gathering requirements
  • 2. Resolving conflicting requirements
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
Topic 4: Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Conformance vs performance specifications
  • 2. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
  • 3. Output/outcome-based specifications
- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
  • 2. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
Topic 5: Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
  • 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 2. Supply and demand dynamics
  • 3. Global vs local market conditions
- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Supplier intelligence and market research
  • 2. Industry reports, government data, trade journals

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q309-Q314):

NEW QUESTION # 309
The procurement team of an IT hardware manufacturer has been set a target by senior management to reduce the rates paid to the sole supplier of a new and innovative power-saving battery. Which action should the procurement team first consider?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
Dual or multiple sourcing introduces competition, reducing the sole supplier's bargaining power and leading to cost reductions. Framework agreements (A) or economies of scale (D) may not address the immediate need to reduce rates. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Sourcing Strategies.


NEW QUESTION # 310
According to Porter's value chain, which of the following activities is categorised as support activity?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Primary activities consist of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales & marketing, service.
Second activities consist of firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement Graphical user interface, diagram Description automatically generated

Support activities (also known as secondary activities) include Firm infrastructure, Human resource management, Technology development and Procurement. Developing digital SRM technology to manage suppliers better is Technology development.
LO 1, AC 1.2


NEW QUESTION # 311
Which of the following is an useful tool for value engineering?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis.
This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction developed in the 1980s by Professor Noriaki Kano, which classifies customer preferences into five categories. Both Kano model and Value Engineering aims at optimising new product, so they can be combined to-gether. CIPS L4M2 study guide consider Kano model is a tool of Value Engineering

Example of Kano model (source: Wikipedia)
Reference: CIPS study guide page 171-172
LO 3, AC 3.4


NEW QUESTION # 312
Which of the following are features of a conformance specification? Select TWO that apply.

Answer: B,C


NEW QUESTION # 313
Which of the following is the process for improving the value of a new product or service?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis. This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.4


NEW QUESTION # 314
......

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