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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Enterprise Firewall | - Advanced firewall deployment - Routing and advanced networking - Authentication and identity - Security Fabric integration - Centralized management and analytics - VPN technologies - High availability - Troubleshooting |
| SD-WAN | - Deployment and troubleshooting - Performance SLA - SD-WAN architecture - SD-WAN routing - Application steering - Overlay VPN |
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NEW QUESTION # 51
In which two slates is a given session categorized as ephemeral? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The study guide states:
"FortiGate categorizes an entry in the session table as an ephemeral session when it is a TCP session that is not fully established (three-way handshake not completed), or when it is a UDP session with only one packet received." This directly proves:
* A is correct because a UDP session with only one packet received is ephemeral.
* C is correct because a TCP session waiting for the SYN/ACK is not fully established , so it is ephemeral. The study guide's TCP state table shows that the handshake is only completed when the session reaches ESTABLISHED Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because once UDP traffic has been seen in both directions , it is no longer the "single packet received" condition described for ephemeral sessions. The study guide says for UDP: 00 = one way , 01 = both ways
* D is wrong because a TCP session waiting for FIN/ACK is already in the closing stage after establishment, not in the "not fully established" stage. The study guide explains that after both sides close the session, FortiGate can keep it briefly in the table in state value 5 for out-of-order packets after FIN/ACK
NEW QUESTION # 52
Refer to the exhibits.
FGT-1 is an area border router (ABR) that has interfaces in OSPF areas 0.0.0.0 and 0.0.0.5. FGT-3 acts as an autonomous system border router (ASBR), importing static routes into OSPF. FGT-2 is an internal router with all its interfaces belonging to area 0.0.0.5. FGT-1 is receiving all advertised routes from FGT-2, however, FGT-3 is not receiving any of the advertised routes from FGT-1. What is the most likely reason for this?
(Choose one answer)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The get router info ospf database brief output on FGT-2 clearly indicates that Area 0.0.0.5 is configured as a
[Stub] area.
In OSPF, a Stub Area is specifically designed to reduce the size of the Link State Database (LSDB) on internal routers. The primary behavior of a Stub area is that it does not accept Type 5 (AS External) LSAs.
FGT-3 is the ASBR (Autonomous System Border Router) and is importing static routes, which are generated as Type 5 LSAs in the OSPF domain.
FGT-1 acts as the ABR (Area Border Router). Because Area 0.0.0.5 is a Stub area, FGT-1 blocks these Type
5 LSAs from entering Area 0.0.0.5.
Consequently, FGT-2 will not receive the specific external routes advertised by FGT-3. Instead, the ABR (FGT-1) injects a default route (0.0.0.0/0) into the Stub area to allow connectivity to the external world, which is visible in the database output.
While the question text mentions FGT-3 not receiving routes, the definitive configuration shown in the exhibit is the Stub area setting, which directly corresponds to the blocking of Type 5 LSA propagation (Option A).
NEW QUESTION # 53
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The exhibit includes these key debug lines:
* start_search_dn-base: ' DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com ' filter:sAMAccountName=jsmith
* get_all_dn-Found DN 1:CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com The study guide explains that in regular bind , LDAP authentication has four steps , and that during step 2 , FortiGate searches the LDAP tree to find the user's DN:
"During the second step, FortiGate does a search query in the LDAP database to find the user's location-in other words, the user's DN. If the user is found, the server replies with the user's DN." It also states for the real-time debug of step 2:
"An fnbamd_ldap_build_dn_search_req-base message indicates that FortiGate is performing step two:
searching for the user in the LDAP tree. This message includes the base branch (distinguished name setting) and the name of the attribute used to locate the user... If the LDAP server finds the user, the output shows the user's full DN." That directly proves:
* D is correct because the debug is showing step 2: Search Request
* A is correct because the base DN and found DN are under DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet, DC=com, which corresponds to the LDAP domain/tree root TAC.ottawa.fortinet.com Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because binding with the user's credentials is step 3 , not the step shown here. The study guide says: "Step 3 - Bind user credentials" and shows that this happens later with fnbamd_ldap_build_userbind_req / __ldap_build_bind_req-Binding to ' CN=John Smith... '
* C is wrong because collecting user group information is step 4 , not the step shown in the exhibit.
The study guide says: "The last step is to get the user group information" and shows step 4 with Attr query / memberOf search
NEW QUESTION # 54
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which two actions will FortiGate take when using the default settings for SSL certificate inspection? (Choose two answers)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D .
The study guide states: "SSL certificate inspection relies on extracting the FQDN of the URL from either: TLS extension server name indication (SNI), SSL certificate common name (CN)." It also says:
"When using SSL certificate inspection, FortiGate is not decrypting the traffic. It is only inspecting the server digital certificates and the SNI field, which are interchanged before the encryption." This proves the second part of the answer:
* under SSL certificate inspection , FortiGate does not decrypt the traffic
* therefore, if the traffic is allowed , it still passes without decryption That makes D correct.
For the SNI mismatch behavior, the FortiOS administration guide describes the default Server certificate SNI check behavior as:
"Enable: If it is mismatched use the CN in the server certificate for URL" So if the SNI does not match the CN or any SAN, FortiGate falls back to using the CN from the Subject field for URL handling under the default setting. That makes C correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because with the default SNI-check behavior, when the SNI mismatches the certificate identity, FortiGate does not continue using the mismatched SNI . Instead, it uses the CN in the server certificate for the URL .
* B is not the best answer in this single pair selection . While certificate inspection does not decrypt traffic, the key default behavior the documents explicitly highlight for this mismatch case is:
* use the CN when SNI mismatches , and
* certificate inspection does not decrypt allowed HTTPS traffic .
So the verified answers are: C, D .
NEW QUESTION # 55
While troubleshooting a FortiGate web filter issue, users report that they cannot access any websites, even though those sites are not explicitly blocked by any web filter profiles that are applied to firewall policies.
What are the three most likely reasons for this behavior? (Choose three answers)
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
The reported symptom-users unable to access any websites despite no explicit blocks in the profile-points to systemic connectivity or configuration issues rather than specific URL filtering rules.
* Option B (SSL/TLS Inspection): When Deep Inspection is enabled, the FortiGate acts as a Man-in- the-Middle (MitM) and re-signs server certificates using its own CA. If the clients (browsers) do not trust this CA (i.e., the certificate is not installed in their Trusted Root store), they will reject the connection with certificate errors, effectively preventing access to all HTTPS websites.
* Option D (DNS): Web browsing relies on DNS resolution . If the configured DNS server is unreachable or failing, the FortiGate (or the client) cannot resolve FQDNs to IP addresses.
Consequently, browsers will fail to load any page, resulting in a total loss of web access.
* Option E (License): If the FortiGuard Web Filtering license expires, the FortiGate can no longer query the FortiGuard Distribution Network (FDN) for ratings. By default, or if the allow-when-rating- error setting is disabled (a common security practice), the FortiGate will block all web traffic that it cannot rate, often displaying a " Web Filter Service Error " or invalid license page.
Option A is incorrect because clearing the cache only increases latency, it does not block traffic. Option C is incorrect because webfilter-force-off is typically used to disable the service (often allowing traffic to bypass checks if the service is down), rather than blocking it.
NEW QUESTION # 56
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