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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Macroeconomic Environment | - Fiscal and monetary policy - GDP, inflation, and unemployment |
| Global Economics | - Global economic institutions and trade policy - Exchange rates and currency systems - International trade and comparative advantage |
| Foundations of Economics | - Scarcity, opportunity cost, and economic reasoning - Market systems and economic models |
| Managerial Economic Decision-Making | - Risk and uncertainty in global markets - Cost-benefit analysis in business contexts |
| Microeconomics for Managers | - Supply and demand analysis - Market structures and competition - Elasticity and pricing decisions |
>> Global-Economics-for-Managers최신 업데이트 시험대비자료 <<
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질문 # 35
Which term best describes an economic condition in which a nation exports more than it imports?
정답：B
설명：
A trade surplus occurs when a country exports more goods and services than it imports during a given period.
This means foreign buyers purchase more from the country than the country purchases from abroad. Option A is correct because it accurately describes a positive balance of trade. A trade deficit is the opposite condition, where imports exceed exports. Mercantilism is an older trade theory that emphasized accumulating wealth through exports and limiting imports, but it is not the term for the actual trade-balance condition. Resource mobility refers to the ability of labor, capital, or other resources to move from one use or industry to another.
For managers, trade surpluses can affect currency strength, export opportunities, and international competitiveness.
질문 # 36
Which effect does increased government spending have on aggregate demand if the multiplier effect is greater than the crowding-out effect?
정답：C
설명：
In Global Economics for Managers , when the multiplier effect exceeds the crowding-out effect , increased government spending causes aggregate demand (AD) to rise by more than the initial increase in spending
, making option A correct.
The multiplier effect occurs because government spending generates income, which leads to further consumption. Crowding out occurs when government borrowing raises interest rates and reduces private investment. If the multiplier is stronger, the net effect is an amplified increase in AD.
Thus, option A is correct.
질문 # 37
Barriers to entry in a market are the main cause of monopolies. Which statement is accurate when the barrier to entry has its source in government regulation?
정답：A
설명：
A monopoly created by government regulation exists when a single firm receives the exclusive legal right to produce or sell a good or service. Option B is correct because legal exclusivity prevents competitors from entering the market. This may occur through patents, copyrights, licenses, public franchises, or other government-granted rights. Option A describes a natural monopoly, where one firm can serve the entire market at lower cost due to cost structure. Option C describes a resource monopoly, where one firm controls a key input. Option D describes economies of scale, another source of natural monopoly power. Government- created monopoly power differs because entry is restricted by law rather than resource control or production efficiency. Managers must recognize this because legal rights can create strong market power.
질문 # 38
What is one of the elements of the Porter Diamond in the theory of national competitive advantage of industries?
정답：A
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, one of the four core elements ofPorter's Diamond Model of National Competitive Advantageisdomestic demand conditions, making option C the correct answer. Michael Porter' s framework explains why certain industries within particular countries achieve international competitiveness, emphasizing the role of the national environment in shaping firm performance.
Domestic demand conditions refer to thenature, size, and sophistication of demand in the home market.
When domestic consumers are demanding, quality-conscious, and forward-looking, firms are pressured to innovate, improve product quality, and adopt advanced production methods. These pressures help firms develop capabilities that later become advantages in international markets. For example, firms accustomed to serving sophisticated domestic buyers are better prepared to compete globally.
Option A is incorrect because firm opportunity costs are a general microeconomic concept and are not part of the Porter Diamond. Option B is incorrect because the model emphasizesdomestic factor conditions, not foreign supply markets. Option D, trade deficits, is a macroeconomic outcome and does not explain the structural sources of competitive advantage within industries.
Global Economics for Managershighlights that Porter's Diamond consists of four interrelated determinants:
factor conditions, domestic demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Among these, domestic demand conditions are particularly important because they influence the direction and pace of innovation. Strong home demand encourages firms to anticipate global trends rather than merely react to them.
For managers, understanding domestic demand conditions helps explain why firms from certain countries dominate specific global industries. Therefore, option C accurately identifies a key element of the Porter Diamond theory.
질문 # 39
Direct exports have which advantage?
정답：D
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,direct exportingallows firms tocapitalize on economies of scale in production in the home country, making option B correct.
By concentrating production domestically, firms can achieve lower average costs, maintain quality control, and leverage existing facilities and expertise. Direct exporting avoids the fixed costs of establishing foreign production facilities.
Options A, C, and D are incorrect because exporting typically involves transportation costs, limited distribution control, and exposure to exchange rate risk.
Thus, option B correctly identifies a key advantage of direct exporting.
질문 # 40
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