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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DDoS Tools - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Maintaining Access |
| Enumeration | 7% | - Enumeration Concepts - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - AI-Assisted Scanning - Host & Port Discovery - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Hijacking Techniques - Countermeasures |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Packet Sniffing Concepts - MITM Attacks |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Identity Theft - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - Security Controls - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Server Vulnerabilities - API Security Risks - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Security Countermeasures - SQL Injection & Command Injection |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
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NEW QUESTION # 370
A penetration tester wants to capture network traffic without actively transmitting packets onto the network. Which network interface mode allows the tester to receive all frames visible to the network adapter?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Promiscuous mode instructs a network interface to deliver all received Ethernet frames to the operating system, regardless of destination MAC address. It is commonly used for wired packet capture. Monitor mode is specific to wireless interfaces and captures raw 802.11 frames rather than Ethernet traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 371
During a security assessment, an attacker identifies a flaw in a multi-user file system. The system first verifies access rights to a temporary file created by a user. However, immediately after this verification, and before the file is processed, the attacker manages to swap the original file with a malicious version. This manipulation happens in the brief interval between the system's access verification and the moment it handles the file, resulting in the malicious file being treated as legitimate. Which vulnerability is the attacker exploiting?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive Explanation from CEH v13 Courseware:
CEH v13 explains that TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) vulnerabilities arise when a system checks a condition (such as file permissions) and then later uses the resource based on that assumption. If there is even a tiny gap between the validation and the actual use, attackers can exploit this race condition by replacing or modifying the resource after validation but before execution. This is common in file-handling operations involving temporary files, symbolic links, or shared directories. CEH emphasizes that TOCTOU attacks often lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized execution, or tampering with data because the system trusts the earlier validation step. The attacker swaps the file at precisely the right moment, taking advantage of a race window. The other options-certificate validation, integer overflow, and null pointer dereference-do not involve timing-based race conditions. The scenario exactly matches CEH's description of TOCTOU exploitation, where attackers manipulate file access in the interval between validation and execution.
NEW QUESTION # 372
John, a professional hacker, targeted an organization that uses LDAP for accessing distributed directory services. He used an automated tool to anonymously query the IDAP service for sensitive information such as usernames. addresses, departmental details, and server names to launch further attacks on the target organization.
What is the tool employed by John to gather information from the IDAP service?
Answer: D
Explanation:
JXplorer could be a cross platform LDAP browser and editor. it's a standards compliant general purpose LDAP client which will be used to search, scan and edit any commonplace LDAP directory, or any directory service with an LDAP or DSML interface.
It is extremely flexible and can be extended and custom in a very number of the way. JXplorer is written in java, and also the source code and source code build system ar obtainable via svn or as a packaged build for users who wish to experiment or any develop the program.
JX is is available in 2 versions; the free open source version under an OSI Apache two style licence, or within the JXWorkBench Enterprise bundle with inbuilt reporting, administrative and security tools.
JX has been through a number of different versions since its creation in 1999; the foremost recent stable release is version 3.3.1, the August 2013 release.
JXplorer could be a absolutely useful LDAP consumer with advanced security integration and support for the harder and obscure elements of the LDAP protocol. it's been tested on Windows, Solaris, linux and OSX, packages are obtainable for HPUX, AIX, BSD and it should run on any java supporting OS.
NEW QUESTION # 373
A cloud service provider in Singapore is refining its defensive monitoring strategy to identify large- scale denial-of-service attempts against hosted applications. The security engineering team wants a detection mechanism that continuously evaluates incoming traffic streams and statistically determines the exact moment when normal behavior shifts into anomalous activity.
Rather than relying solely on static baselines or historical comparisons, the team prefers an approach that detects abrupt deviations in real time by identifying structural breaks in traffic metrics as they occur.
Which DDoS detection technique best fits this requirement?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Sequential Change-Point Detection is designed to analyze streaming data in real time and identify the exact point where statistical properties of traffic change significantly. This makes it well-suited for detecting sudden shifts from normal to attack behavior in DDoS scenarios without relying solely on fixed baselines or historical averaging.
NEW QUESTION # 374
During a penetration test at a logistics company in Atlanta, Georgia, you examine the configuration of network devices and discover that they rely on legacy communication mechanisms lacking encryption and integrity checks. These mechanisms allow neighboring systems to exchange operational data without verification, exposing the infrastructure to potential manipulation. What type of vulnerability is most clearly present?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best answer is D. Insecure routing protocols because the scenario describes legacy neighbor-to-neighbor device communications that lack encryption and integrity validation, allowing operational routing data to be exchanged without verification. In CEH-aligned network hacking concepts, this is a classic weakness of older or improperly secured routing protocols (and related network control-plane exchanges) where routers trust updates from neighbors and do not cryptographically validate the authenticity and integrity of routing information.
When routing updates are accepted without strong verification, an attacker who can position themselves on the same segment (or spoof a trusted neighbor) may inject or manipulate routing information. This can enable attacks such as route injection, route poisoning, man-in-the-middle (MITM) traffic redirection, blackholing traffic, or causing instability/denial of service by continuously advertising bad routes. The mention of
"neighboring systems" and "operational data" strongly maps to routing adjacencies where devices exchange reachability and topology information. The absence of integrity checks makes it feasible to alter routing messages in transit or forge them, and the absence of encryption can expose routing details that further assists reconnaissance and targeted manipulation.
Why the other options are less accurate:
Firewall vulnerabilities relate to filtering and policy enforcement, but the core issue here is the trust model and protection of routing/control messages, not firewall rule flaws.
Lack of password protection is too generic and typically refers to weak/no credentials on management access, not unauthenticated routing exchanges.
Lack of authentication is conceptually related, but the question asks for the type of vulnerability most clearly present given "legacy communication mechanisms" between neighbors carrying operational data-this is most specifically categorized in CEH terms as insecure routing protocols (i.e., routing updates lacking authentication/integrity and sometimes encryption).
In practice, organizations mitigate this by enabling routing protocol authentication (where supported), using cryptographic integrity protections, restricting routing adjacencies, and segmenting or filtering routing/control- plane traffic to trusted peers only.
NEW QUESTION # 375
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