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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Nokia fixed access portfolio | - Home networking devices - Lightspan FX and MF Optical Line Terminals - Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) - FastMile FWA solutions |
| Service delivery and operations | - Network monitoring and troubleshooting - Voice, Internet and IPTV services - High-Speed Internet (HSI) - Service provisioning |
| Fixed network architectures and broadband access | - Passive Optical Networks (PON) - Optical Distribution Network (ODN) - Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) - FTTH and FTTx technologies - Broadband network architecture |
| Management interfaces and automation | - NETCONF - YANG data models - Telemetry and automation concepts - CLI fundamentals |
| Software Defined Access Network (SDAN) | - Network topology and service health - Subscriber and service management - Corteca platform - Altiplano Access Controller |
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Which transport protocol is commonly used to provide a secure connection for NETCONF sessions?
Answer: D
Explanation:
NETCONF is commonly transported over Secure Shell, which provides encryption, integrity protection, and peer authentication for the management session. After establishing the secure transport connection, the client and server exchange NETCONF capabilities and use RPC messages to retrieve or modify device data. IGMP manages IPv4 multicast group membership and does not provide a secure management transport. ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to Layer 2 hardware addresses within a local network. SIP establishes and manages communication sessions such as voice calls. Although NETCONF can conceptually operate over supported secure transports, NETCONF over SSH is the widely recognized deployment model. Secure transport is particularly important because NETCONF can expose operational information and perform configuration changes that materially affect access-network devices and subscriber services.
NEW QUESTION # 19
In an 802.1X-based subscriber authentication design, which role does the residential gateway normally perform?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The residential gateway normally acts as the 802.1X supplicant. It supplies identity information and participates in the Extensible Authentication Protocol exchange required to obtain network access. The access device or OLT commonly performs the authenticator role, controlling the subscriber-facing port and relaying authentication information between the supplicant and the authentication server. The authentication server, frequently using RADIUS, validates the credentials and returns an authorization result or related policy attributes. The gateway is therefore not itself the RADIUS database or authentication server in this design. A multicast querier performs a separate function by sending IGMP queries to maintain multicast membership information. Before successful authentication, the authenticator generally restricts ordinary subscriber traffic while allowing the authentication exchange required to complete access control.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following statements correctly describes downstream and upstream transmission in a GPON network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
GPON uses different transmission methods in the downstream and upstream directions. In the downstream direction, the OLT sends a continuous stream through the passive optical splitter. This stream reaches every connected ONT, but each ONT processes only the frames intended for it. Encryption can protect subscriber traffic from other ONTs on the same PON. In the upstream direction, several ONTs share the same optical fiber and cannot transmit simultaneously without coordination. The OLT therefore assigns transmission opportunities using Time Division Multiple Access. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation can adjust these upstream grants according to traffic demand and service requirements. Separate fibers are not required for each subscriber because GPON commonly uses wavelength separation to carry downstream and upstream traffic over the same fiber infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 21
A provider wants to separate every subscriber's traffic throughout the access network, even when subscribers use the same service. Which VLAN model best meets this requirement?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A VLAN-per-subscriber model assigns a distinct VLAN context to each subscriber, providing clear Layer 2 separation between subscribers even when they consume the same service. This can simplify subscriber identification and support individual policy or forwarding treatment, but it requires the network to accommodate a larger number of VLANs. In a VLAN-per-service model, multiple subscribers using the same service can share a service VLAN toward the aggregation network. The access node must then preserve subscriber isolation through other forwarding controls and map traffic correctly between subscriber-facing and network-facing interfaces. Using one untagged VLAN for the entire access network provides insufficient segmentation. Assigning a VLAN to each multicast channel categorizes content rather than uniquely separating individual subscribers and therefore does not meet the stated requirement.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A QoS policy examines a packet's markings and assigns it to a forwarding class. Which QoS function is being performed?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Classification examines packet information and determines how the packet should be treated by the QoS system. The decision can use fields such as VLAN priority, Differentiated Services Code Point, protocol information, or interface context. After classification, the packet is assigned to an appropriate forwarding class and queue so that scheduling, congestion management, and other policies can provide the intended treatment. Shaping controls an outgoing rate by buffering excess traffic, while policing enforces a traffic profile by dropping or remarking nonconforming packets. Optical amplification increases optical signal power and is unrelated to packet classification. Effective classification is essential when a fixed-access network carries services with different requirements, such as voice, IPTV, management traffic, and best-effort Internet access.
NEW QUESTION # 23
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