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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Center Architecture and Security | 5% | - Traffic protection and segmentation - Security features in data center networks |
| Topic 2: Layer 3 Fabrics | 20% | - IP fabric architecture and design - Fabric scaling and high availability - Routing protocols in IP fabrics |
| Topic 3: VXLAN | 20% | - VXLAN configuration and monitoring - VXLAN control plane and data plane operation - VXLAN troubleshooting |
| Topic 4: Data Center Deployment and Management | 20% | - Configuration management and automation - Software upgrades and management - Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) |
| Topic 5: EVPN-VXLAN Signaling | 20% | - MAC learning and symmetric routing - CRB and ERB architectures - MBGP for EVPN - EVPN concepts and route types |
| Topic 6: Data Center Interconnect | 15% | - Layer 2 and Layer 3 interconnect - EVPN-VXLAN based DCI - Inter-fabric stitching |
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質問 # 107
You need to load-balance traffic across multiple links to a multihomed CE device using ESI-LAG in all-active mode. Which protocol is used between the CE and the leaf devices to achieve this?
正解：A
解説：
When a CE device is multihomed to multiple leaf devices in all-active mode using ESI-LAG, the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is used between the CE and each leaf device to bundle the physical links into a logical aggregated Ethernet interface. This allows traffic to be load- balanced across all active links while the leaf devices coordinate over EVPN to present a consistent forwarding view to the CE.
質問 # 108
Whatare two ways in which an EVPN-signaled VXLAN is different from a multicast-signaled VXLAN?
(Choose two.)
正解：C、D
解説：
* Multicast-Signaled VXLAN:
* In traditional multicast-signaled VXLAN, VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints) use multicast to flood and learn about remote VTEPs. This method relies on multicast in the underlay network to distribute BUM (Broadcast, Unknown unicast, and Multicast) traffic.
* This approach can be resource-intensive due to the need for multicast group management and increased network traffic, especially in large deployments.
* EVPN-Signaled VXLAN:
* EVPN-signaled VXLAN uses BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) to signal the presence of VTEPs and distribute MAC address information. BGP is used for VTEP autodiscovery and the distribution of endpoint information.
* This method is more efficient because it reduces the reliance on multicast, instead using BGP control-plane signaling to handle VTEP discovery and MAC learning, which reduces the overhead on the network and improves scalability.
* Correct Statements:
* B. An EVPN-signaled VXLAN can perform autodiscovery of VTEPs using BGP:This is correct because EVPN uses BGP for VTEP autodiscovery, making it more efficient and scalable compared to multicast-based methods.
* C. An EVPN-signaled VXLAN is less resource-intensive:This is correct because it eliminates the need for multicast flooding in the underlay, instead using BGP for signaling, which is less demanding on network resources.
* Incorrect Statements:
* A. An EVPN-signaled VXLAN can perform autodiscovery of VTEPs using IS-IS:This is incorrect because EVPN relies on BGP, not IS-IS, for VTEP discovery and signaling.
* D. An EVPN-signaled VXLAN features slower and more complete convergence:This is incorrect; EVPN with BGP typically provides faster convergence due to its use of a control plane rather than relying on data plane learning.
Data Center References:
* EVPN-VXLAN is widely adopted in modern data center designs due to its scalability, efficiency, and reduced resource consumption compared to multicast-based VXLAN solutions. It leverages the strengths of BGP for control-plane-driven operations, resulting in more efficient and scalable networks.
質問 # 109
You are implementing VXLAN broadcast domains in your data center environment. Which two statements are correct in this scenario? (Choose two.)
正解：A、B
解説：
* VXLAN Overview:
* VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network virtualization technology that encapsulates Layer
2 Ethernet frames into Layer 3 UDP packets for transmission over an IP network. It allows the creation of Layer 2 overlay networks across a Layer 3 infrastructure.
* Understanding VXLAN Components:
* VTEP (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint):A VTEP is responsible for encapsulating and decapsulating Ethernet frames into and from VXLAN packets.
* VNI (VXLAN Network Identifier):A 24-bit identifier used to distinguish different VXLAN segments, allowing for up to 16 million unique segments.
* Correct Statements:
* C. Layer 2 frames are encapsulated by the source VTEP:This is correct. In a VXLAN deployment, the source VTEP encapsulates the original Layer 2 Ethernet frame into a VXLAN packet before transmitting it over the IP network to the destination VTEP, which then decapsulates it.
* A. A VXLAN packet does not contain a VLAN ID:This is correct. The VXLAN header does not carry the original VLAN ID; instead, it uses the VNI to identify the network segment. The VLAN ID is local to the switch and does not traverse the VXLAN tunnel.
* Incorrect Statements:
* B. The VNI must match the VLAN tag to ensure that the remote VTEP can decapsulate VXLAN packets:This is incorrect. The VNI is independent of the VLAN tag, and the VLAN ID does not need to match the VNI. The VNI is what the remote VTEP uses to identify the correct VXLAN segment.
* D. The VNI is a 16-bit value and can range from 0 through 16,777,215:This is incorrect because the VNI is a 24-bit value, allowing for a range of 0 to 16,777,215.
Data Center References:
* VXLAN technology is critical for modern data centers as it enables scalability and efficient segmentation without the constraints of traditional VLAN limits.
質問 # 110
Your organization is implementing EVPN-VXLAN and requires multiple overlapping VLAN-IDs.
You decide to use a routing-instance type mac-vrfto satisfy this request.
Which two statements are correct in this scenario? (Choose two.)
正解：B、C
解説：
Host-facing interfaces must be configured using a service-provider style configuration When using MAC-VRF routing instances to support overlapping VLAN IDs, host-facing interfaces need service-provider style (unit with VLAN tagging inside a logical interface). This allows the same VLAN ID to exist in multiple VRFs without conflict.
The routing-instance service type can be VLAN-based
MAC-VRF instances can be VLAN-based, which maps a VLAN to the routing instance for L2 segregation.
質問 # 111
You are setting up an EVPN-VXLAN architecture for your new data center. Its initial deployment will be less than 50 switches; however, it could scale up to 250 switches over time supporting
1024 VLANs. You are still deciding whether to use symmetric or asymmetric routing.
In this scenario, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
正解：B、D
解説：
Symmetric routing needs an extra VLAN with an IRB interface for each L3 VRF instance:
Symmetric routing requires an additional VLAN (and corresponding VNI) with an IRB interface for every Layer 3 VRF instance, supporting inter-VLAN routing at every VTEP.
Symmetric routing supports higher scaling numbers: Symmetric routing is preferred for environments with high scaling needs (such as 1024 VLANs and up to 250 switches) because it avoids the scalability limitations seen in asymmetric routing, which requires all VLANs and VNIs to be configured on every switch, leading to configuration complexity and overhead.
質問 # 112
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