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NEW QUESTION # 49
Sarah, a forensic investigator, is working on a criminal case. She was provided with all the suspect devices.
Sarah employs an imaging software tool for duplicating the original data from the suspect devices. However, the tool she employed failed to image the data as the suspect version of the drive was very old and incompatible with imaging software. Hence, Sarah used an alternative data acquisition technique and succeeded in imaging the data.
Which of the following types of data acquisition techniques did Sarah employ in the above scenario?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The key detail is that Sarah'simaging softwarecould not acquire the device because the drive wasvery old and incompatiblewith the software-based approach. In such situations, forensic practice recommends switching to an acquisition method that isless dependent on the operating system or specific imaging application compatibility, while still producing a forensic-accurate duplicate.Bit-stream disk-to-diskacquisition (also called forensic cloning) creates asector-by-sectorcopy of the entire source drive directly onto another physical drive. This method is commonly performed using dedicated duplicators or hardware-assisted workflows that can interface with legacy media more reliably than certain disk-to-image software utilities.
Sparse acquisition would intentionally capture only selected portions of a disk (used to reduce time/storage), which does not fit the goal of "succeeded in imaging the data" after a failure due to incompatibility. Logical acquisition captures only active files/folders through the file system and is not the preferred alternative when full forensic imaging is required, especially in criminal cases. Bit-stream disk-to-image-file is still software
/container dependent and is essentially what failed initially. Therefore, the most appropriate alternative that explains success with an older incompatible drive isBit-stream disk-to-disk (D).
NEW QUESTION # 50
James, a forensic specialist, was appointed to investigate an incident in an organization. As part of the investigation, James is attempting to identify whether any external storage devices are connected to the internal systems. For this purpose, he employed a utility to capture the list of all devices connected to the local machine and removed suspicious devices.
Identify the tool employed by James in the above scenario.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 51
Harry, a security professional, was hired to identify the details of an attack that was initiated on a Windows system. In this process, Harry decided to check the logs of currently running applications and the information related to previously uninstalled or removed applications for suspicious events.
Which of the following folders in a Windows system stores information on applications run on the system?
Answer: B
Explanation:
On Windows systems, thePrefetchfeature records execution-related artifacts to speed up subsequent program launches. When an executable is run, Windows often creates a.pf prefetch fileinC:\Windows\Prefetchthat contains valuable forensic indicators such as the executable name (mapped into the prefetch filename), last run time(s) (depending on Windows version), run count (in many versions), and a list of files and directories referenced during startup. Because these artifacts can persist even after an application is lateruninstalled or deleted, investigators commonly use the Prefetch directory to demonstrate that a program executed on a host and to help build timelines around suspicious activity. This is especially useful in intrusion investigations for identifying the execution of attacker tools, droppers, scripts launched via interpreters, or renamed binaries.
The other options are not standard repositories for program execution history.C:\Windows\debugmay contain specific debug logs for certain components but is not the canonical execution-tracking folder.C:
\Windows\BookandC:\subdirare not standard Windows forensic artifact locations. Therefore, the folder that stores information on applications run on the system isC:\Windows\Prefetch (C).
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following tools can be used by an investigator to analyze the metadata of files in a Windows- based system?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Bulk Extractoris a digital forensics utility specifically designed to scan storage media (or forensic disk images) and automatically extractstructured artifacts and metadata-like featureswithout relying strictly on file system parsing. In Windows investigations, it is commonly used to identify and pull out items such as email addresses, URLs, domain names, credit card patterns, timestamps, GPS coordinates, and other feature records that can be treated as metadata indicators during triage and deep analysis. Because it works by scanning raw data blocks and producing feature reports, it can recover useful information even when files are deleted, partially corrupted, or when file system structures are damaged-conditions frequently encountered in forensic cases. Investigators use its outputs to correlate user activity, locate sensitive data exposure, and identify evidence-rich regions for further examination with file-level tools.
The other options do not match the requirement of analyzing file metadata broadly.Tor browseris an anonymity-focused web browser, not a forensic metadata analyzer.IECachesViewis a niche utility for viewing Internet Explorer cache/history artifacts rather than general file metadata analysis.Paraben P2 Commandertargets peer-to-peer investigations and related artifacts, not general metadata extraction across files. Therefore, the correct tool for analyzing metadata-like artifacts on a Windows-based system isBulk Extractor (A).
NEW QUESTION # 53
Philip, a forensic officer, was tasked with investigating a crime scene. In this process, he created bit-by-bit copies of the suspect drive and retrieved all the disk images using the dd command.
Which of the following data acquisition image formats is extracted by Philip in the above scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The UNIX/Linuxddutility performs abit-by-bit (sector-by-sector) copyfrom an input device (such as a physical disk) to an output target (another device or a flat file). In digital forensics guidance, this type of output is known as araw (bitstream) imagebecause it captures the exact sequence of bytes from the source media without embedding structured case metadata, compression, or container features by default. The resulting file is often referred to as a "dd image" and may use extensions like.ddor.img, but the key point is theformat is raw: it represents a straightforward byte-for-byte representation of the original storage, including allocated data, unallocated space, slack space, and file system structures.
By contrast,AFFandAFF4are forensic container formats designed to store evidence data along with metadata (and often support features such as chunking, compression, and richer integrity structures). "Proprietary format" refers to vendor-specific containers (for example, formats created by certain commercial forensic tools) rather than the generic output produced by dd. Since Philip specifically usedddto create bit-by-bit disk images, the extracted acquisition image format isRaw Format (A).
NEW QUESTION # 54
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