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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 2
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 3
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 4
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 5
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q123-Q128):

NEW QUESTION # 123
Which of the following would raise secret scanning alerts?

Answer: C

Explanation:
A GitHub personal access token (PAT) is a credential and is therefore a type of value that secret scanning is designed to detect. GitHub supports patterns for GitHub-issued tokens and can generate secret scanning alerts when supported PAT formats are committed to repositories. GitHub also performs validity checks for certain GitHub tokens and can distinguish active from inactive credentials. SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and server-side request forgery are application vulnerabilities rather than exposed credentials; those issues are detected through code scanning tools such as CodeQL. The distinction is important: secret scanning looks for credentials, API keys, passwords, tokens, and similar sensitive values, whereas code scanning analyzes source code for insecure programming patterns. Therefore, only the GitHub PAT belongs to secret scanning.


NEW QUESTION # 124
Which of the following workflow events would trigger a dependency review? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Dependency review is triggered by specific events in GitHub workflows:
pull_request: When a pull request is opened, synchronized, or reopened, GitHub can analyze the changes in dependencies and provide a dependency review.
workflow_dispatch: This manual trigger allows users to initiate workflows, including those that perform dependency reviews.
The trigger and commit options are not recognized GitHub Actions events and would not initiate a dependency review.


NEW QUESTION # 125
When using CodeQL, how does extraction for compiled languages work?

Answer: B

Explanation:
For compiled languages, CodeQL performs extraction bymonitoring the normal build process.
This means it watches your usual build commands (like make, javac, or dotnet build) and extracts the relevant data from the actual build steps being executed. CodeQL uses this information to construct a semantic database of the application.
This approach ensures that CodeQL captures a precise, real-world representation of the code and its behavior as it is compiled, including platform-specific configurations or conditional logic used during build.


NEW QUESTION # 126
As a repository owner, you do not want to run a GitHub Actions workflow when changes are made to any .txt or markdown files. How would you adjust the event trigger for a pull request that targets the main branch? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose three.) on:
pull_request:
branches: [main]

Answer: A,C,D

Explanation:
To exclude .txt and .md files from triggering workflows on pull requests to the main branch:
on: defines the event (e.g., pull_request)
pull_request: is the trigger
paths-ignore: is the key used to ignore file patterns
Example YAML:
yaml
CopyEdit
on:
pull_request:
branches:
- main
paths-ignore:
- '*.md'
- '*.txt'
Using paths: would include only specific files instead - not exclude. paths-ignore: is correct here.


NEW QUESTION # 127
Assuming security and analysis features are not configured at the repository, organization, or enterprise level, secret scanning is enabled on:

Answer: A

Explanation:
By default, secret scanning is enabled automatically for all public repositories . For private or internal repositories, secret scanning must be enabled manually unless configured at the organization or enterprise level.
This default behavior helps protect open-source projects without requiring additional configuration.
: GitHub Docs - Secret Scanning Defaults and Scope


NEW QUESTION # 128
......

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