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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Job order and process costing - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis - Contribution margin and break-even analysis |
| Topic 2: Financial Statement Analysis | - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes - Horizontal and vertical analysis |
| Topic 3: Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Make-or-buy and special order decisions - Relevant costs for decision making - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Balanced Scorecard concepts |
| Topic 4: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Understanding the accounting cycle |
| Topic 5: Budgeting and Planning | - Variance analysis - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) - Master budget components |
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質問 # 35
Which role do ethical standards have in management accounting?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is D . In management accounting, ethical standards are intended to guide behavior and help resolve ethical dilemmas that professionals may encounter in practice. The IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice explains that its principles and standards serve as a guide for ethical conduct in management accounting and include guidance for the resolution of ethical conflict .
Option A is incorrect because ethical standards cannot predict with certainty whether another person will behave ethically. Option B is incorrect because the standards do not guarantee that a management accountant will work only with perfectly ethical companies. Option C is also incorrect because no code can prevent all unethical behavior by everyone involved. Instead, the standards provide a framework based on competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility so the accountant can respond appropriately when ethical issues arise.
Therefore, the most accurate role of ethical standards in management accounting is to provide guidance for addressing and resolving ethical conflicts in a professional, structured manner. That makes Option D the correct answer.
質問 # 36
Which two items on an income statement result in decreased net income if they are increased?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、B
解説：
The correct answers are C. Interest expense and D. Cost of goods sold . Net income is determined by starting with revenues and then subtracting expenses and other costs. Because interest expense is an expense, increasing it reduces earnings before tax and therefore lowers net income. Likewise, cost of goods sold (COGS) is a major expense directly tied to the goods sold by the business. When COGS increases, gross profit falls, which then reduces net income. OpenStax summarizes the income statement as including revenues, expenses, gains, and losses in arriving at net income or net loss.
Options A. Gains and B. Revenues are incorrect because increases in either of those items generally increase net income rather than decrease it. Gains arise from peripheral transactions and still improve profitability, while revenues represent inflows from the company's main operations. In contrast, both interest expense and cost of goods sold are deductions in the income statement. Therefore, the two items that decrease net income when increased are Interest expense and Cost of goods sold .
質問 # 37
Which change occurred if the cost of goods sold moved from 76.8% to 72.6%?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is C. Gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% . Gross profit percentage and cost of goods sold percentage are directly related because together they normally total 100% of sales .
Originally:
Gross profit percentage = 100% - 76.8% = 23.2%
After the change:
Gross profit percentage = 100% - 72.6% = 27.4%
Now calculate the increase:
27.4% - 23.2% = 4.2%
So when the cost of goods sold percentage decreased from 76.8% to 72.6% , the gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% .
Option A is incorrect because the question does not provide enough information to determine the change in net profit percentage , which depends on more than cost of goods sold. Operating expenses, interest, and taxes would also affect net profit. Option B is incorrect for the same reason. Option D is the opposite of what actually happened. Since a lower COGS percentage leaves a larger portion of sales as gross profit, the correct conclusion is that gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% , making Option C correct.
質問 # 38
Given the following information:
Pairs of shoes expected to be produced = 1,950,000
Pairs of shoes produced = 2,500,000
Overhead rate = $0.75
What is the amount of applied overhead?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is D. $1,875,000 . Applied overhead is calculated by multiplying the predetermined overhead rate by the actual amount of the allocation base used during production. OpenStax explains that a predetermined overhead rate is established in advance and then applied to production using the actual activity level.
The formula is:
Applied overhead = Overhead rate × Actual production
Using the figures provided:
Applied overhead = $0.75 × 2,500,000 = $1,875,000
So the total amount of overhead applied is $1,875,000 . The "expected to be produced" amount helps establish or understand the rate, but once the rate is given, applied overhead is based on the actual production achieved , not the estimated quantity.
Option C, $1,462,500 , would result from multiplying the rate by the expected production of 1,950,000, which is not what the question asks. The question specifically asks for the applied overhead, which uses actual activity. Therefore, with 2,500,000 pairs produced at $0.75 per pair , the correct applied overhead is
$1,875,000 , making Option D the correct answer.
質問 # 39
In September, an airline using accrual accounting received cash from a round-trip ticket sold to a customer for
$1,500. The ticket allowed the customer to fly from Denver to Hawaii in October and from Hawaii back to Denver in November.
When should the airline recognize revenue?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is C. In October and November . Under accrual accounting and modern revenue recognition guidance, revenue is recognized when the company satisfies its performance obligations, not merely when cash is received. For an airline ticket, the airline earns the revenue by providing transportation
. SEC disclosures from airlines state that passenger revenue is deferred until transportation is provided, and revenue recognition guidance under Topic 606 also requires recognition when control of the promised service transfers to the customer.
Because this is a round-trip ticket , the airline has not fully earned the revenue in September when the cash is collected. Instead, the service is performed in parts: one flight in October and the return flight in November
. Therefore, the revenue should be recognized as the transportation service is delivered across those two months. Option A is incorrect because September is only the cash receipt date, not the service date. Option B is incorrect because part of the service is provided in October. Option D is incorrect because collecting cash alone does not create earned revenue under accrual accounting. Therefore, October and November is the correct answer.
質問 # 40
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