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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Topic 2: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Topic 3: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Topic 4: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Topic 5: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
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NEW QUESTION # 139
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證資訊安全事件管理流程。 IT 安全經理提出了資訊安全事件管理程序（文件參考 ID：ISMS_L2_16，版本 4）。
您查看該文件並注意到一條聲明「任何資訊安全弱點、事件和事故應在識別後 1 小時內報告給聯絡人 (PoC)」。在訪問員工時，您發現大家對「弱點、事件、事件」這幾個詞的含義理解有差異。
IT安全經理解釋說，6個月前舉辦了一次線上「資訊安全應對」培訓研討會。所有受訪的人都參加並通過了報告練習和課程評估。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇三個不是有效審計追蹤的選項。
Answer: D,G,H
Explanation:
The three options that would not be valid audit trails are:
*Collect more evidence on how the organisation manages the Point of Contact (PoC) which monitors vulnerabilities. (Relevant to clause 8.1)
*Collect more evidence on whether terms and definitions are contained in the information security policy.
(Relevant to control 5.32)
*Collect more evidence to determine if ISO 27035 (Information security incident management) is used as internal audit criteria. (Relevant to clause 8.13) These options are not valid audit trails because they are not directly related to the information security incident management process, which is the focus of the audit. The audit trails should be relevant to the objectives, scope, and criteria of the audit, and should provide sufficient and reliable evidence to support the audit findings and conclusions1.
Option E is not valid because the PoC is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a role that is responsible for reporting and escalating information security incidents to the appropriate authorities2. The audit trail should focus on how the PoC performs this function, not how the organisation manages the PoC.
Option G is not valid because the terms and definitions are not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a part of the information security policy, which is a high-level document that defines the organisation's information security objectives, principles, and responsibilities3. The audit trail should focus on how the information security policy is communicated, implemented, and reviewed, not whether it contains terms and definitions.
Option H is not valid because ISO 27035 is not a part of the information security incident management process, but rather a guidance document that provides best practices for managing information security incidents4. The audit trail should focus on how the organisation follows the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:
2022 for information security incident management, not whether it uses ISO 27035 as an internal audit criteria.
The other options are valid audit trails because they are related to the information security incident management process, and they can provide useful evidence to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of the process. For example:
*Option A is valid because it relates to control A.5.29, which requires the organisation to establish procedures to isolate and quarantine areas subject to information security incidents, in order to prevent further damage and preserve evidence5. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation implements and tests these procedures, and how they ensure the continuity of information security during disruption.
*Option B is valid because it relates to control A.6.8, which requires the organisation to establish mechanisms for reporting information security events and weaknesses, and to ensure that they are communicated in a timely manner to the appropriate levels within the organisation6. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation defines and uses these mechanisms, and how they monitor and review the reporting process.
*Option C is valid because it relates to clause 7.2, which requires the organisation to provide information security awareness, education, and training to all persons under its control, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities7. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation identifies the information security training needs, how they deliver and record the training, and how they measure the learning outcomes and feedback.
*Option D is valid because it relates to control A.5.27, which requires the organisation to learn from information security incidents and to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence or reduce impact8.
The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation analyses and documents the root causes and consequences of information security incidents, how they identify and implement corrective actions, and how they verify the effectiveness of these actions.
*Option F is valid because it relates to control A.5.30, which requires the organisation to establish and maintain a business continuity plan to ensure the availability of information and information processing facilities in the event of a severe information security incident9. The audit trail should collect evidence on how the organisation develops and updates the business continuity plan, how they test and review the plan, and how they communicate and train the relevant personnel on the plan.
References: 1: ISO 19011:2018, 6.2;
2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8.1;
3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.2;
4: ISO/IEC 27035:2016, Introduction;
5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.29;
6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.6.8;
7: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 7.2;
8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.27;
9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.5.30;
10: ISO 19011:2018;
11: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
12: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
13: ISO/IEC 27035:2016;
14: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
15: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
16: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
17: ISO/IEC 27001:2022;
18: ISO/IEC 27001:2022
NEW QUESTION # 140
您將收到來自 IT 支援團隊的以下郵件： 尊敬的用戶，從下週開始，我們將刪除所有不活動的電子郵件帳戶，以便創建空間共享以下詳細信息，以便繼續使用您的帳戶。如果沒有回复，姓名：
電子郵件地址：
密碼：
出生日期：
請聯絡網路郵件團隊以獲得進一步的支援。感謝您的關注。
下列哪一項是最好的回應？
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best response to the email from the IT support team asking for personal details is to not respond to the email and report it to your supervisor. The email is likely a phishing attempt, which is a form of social engineering that uses deceptive emails or other messages to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, bank account details, etc. Phishing emails often impersonate legitimate organizations or individuals and create a sense of urgency or curiosity to lure the victims into clicking on malicious links, opening malicious attachments or providing personal information. The IT support team should never ask for your password or other personal details via email, as this is a violation of information security policies and best practices. Ignoring the email or responding to it by saying that one should not share the password with anyone are not sufficient responses, as they do not alert the IT support team or your supervisor about the phishing attempt, which could affect other users as well. Reporting the email to your supervisor is a responsible action that could help prevent further damage or compromise of information. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires the organization to implement awareness and training programs to make users aware of the risks of social engineering attacks, such as phishing, and how to avoid them (see clause A.7.2.2). Reference: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, What is Phishing?
NEW QUESTION # 141
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證適用性聲明 (SoA) 是否包含必要的控制措施。
您查看最新的 SoA（版本 5）文檔，對原始程式碼 (A.8.4) 的存取控制進行採樣，並想了解組織如何保護從外包軟體開發人員收到的 ABC 醫療保健行動應用程式原始程式碼。
IT 安全經理解釋說，收到的原始程式碼將被檢查到 SCM 系統中，以確保其完整性和安全性。只有授權使用者才能查看軟體並進行更新。
系統會自動記錄入住和退房活動。版本控制由系統自動管理。
您在 SCM 上總共發現了 10 個使用者帳戶。他們全部來自IT部門。您進一步與人力資源經理核實，並確認其中一位用戶 Scott 已於 9 個月前辭職。 SCM 系統管理員確認 Scott 最後一次檢出原始碼是在 1 個月前。他正在安全區域使用本機網路的授權桌面之一。
您檢查了使用者登出程序，其中規定「管理人員必須確保在辭職批准後立即從相關ICT系統和/或設備註銷使用者帳戶和授權」。用戶Scott沒有註銷記錄。
IT 安全經理解釋說，Scott 是一位非常優秀的軟體工程師、前同事和朋友。
辭職後，他仍然每月回到辦公室提供原始碼維護支援。這就是為什麼他在 SCM 上的帳戶仍然存在。 「我們很了解 Scott，他在加入我們時通過了我們所有的背景調查。因此，我們認為沒有必要僅僅因為他現在是外部提供者而與他同意任何進一步的資訊安全要求」。
您準備審計結果。選出三個正確選項。
Answer: D,E,G
Explanation:
The correct options are:
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation's access control arrangements are not operating effectively as an individual who is no longer employed by the organisation is being permitted to access the nursing home's ICT systems. This does not conform with control A.5.15. (B): This option is correct because control A.5.15 requires the organization to implement secure log-on procedures and manage user access rights. The organization should ensure that only authorized users can access the ICT systems and that the access rights are revoked or modified when the user status changes. The fact that Scott, who resigned 9 months ago, still has an active account on the SCM and can check out the source code, indicates a failure of the access control arrangements and a nonconformity with the control A.5.15.
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The IT Security manager did not make sure the user account for Scott was removed from the SCM and did not complete the user deregistration process after the resignation. This does not conform with clause 9.1 and control A.5.15. : This option is correct because clause 9.1 requires the organization to monitor, measure, analyze, and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS. The organization should have processes and indicators to verify that the ISMS requirements and objectives are met and that the ISMS is continually improved.
The organization should also ensure that the results of the monitoring and measurement are documented and communicated. The fact that the IT Security manager did not follow the user de-registration procedure and did not document or communicate the exception for Scott, indicates a failure of the monitoring and measurement processes and a nonconformity with clause 9.1 and control A.5.15.
* There is a nonconformity (NC). The organisation has failed to identify the security risks associated with leaving Scott's account open when he was only re-engaged for a short period monthly. This does not conform with clause 8.2. (F): This option is correct because clause 8.2 requires the organization to establish and maintain an information security risk management process.
The organization should identify the information security risks, analyze and evaluate the risks, and treat the risks according to the risk criteria and the risk treatment options. The organization should also monitor and review the risks and the risk treatment plan periodically and document the results. The fact that the organization did not identify the security risks associated with Scott's access to the SCM and the source code, such as unauthorized disclosure, modification, or deletion of the information, indicates a failure of the risk management process and a nonconformity with clause 8.2.
NEW QUESTION # 142
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證業務連續性管理流程的資訊安全性。在審計過程中，您了解到該組織啟動了其中一項業務連續性計劃 (BCP)，以確保護理服務在最近的大流行期間繼續進行。您要求服務經理解釋組織如何在業務連續性管理流程中管理資訊安全。
服務經理介紹了針對大流行的護理服務連續性計劃，並將流程總結如下：
停止接納任何新居民。
70%的行政人員和30%的醫護人員將在家工作。
定期對員工進行自我檢測，包括在來辦公室前 1 天提交陰性檢測報告。
安裝 ABC 的醫療保健行動應用程序，追蹤他們的足跡並出示綠色健康狀況二維碼以供現場檢查。
您詢問服務經理，當員工在家工作時，如何防止非相關家庭成員或利害關係人存取居民的個人資料。服務經理無法回答，並建議 IT 安全經理應提供協助。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇三個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。
Answer: A,B,H
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clause 6.1, the organization must establish, implement and maintain an information security risk management process that includes the following activities:
* establishing and maintaining information security risk criteria;
* ensuring that repeated information security risk assessments produce consistent, valid and comparable results;
* identifying the information security risks;
* analyzing the information security risks;
* evaluating the information security risks;
* treating the information security risks;
* accepting the information security risks and the residual information security risks;
* communicating and consulting with stakeholders throughout the process;
* monitoring and reviewing the information security risks and the risk treatment plan.
According to control A.5.29, the organization must establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during a disruptive situation. The organization must also:
* determine its requirements for information security and the continuity of information security management in adverse situations, e.g. during a crisis or disaster;
* establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during an adverse situation;
* verify the availability of information processing facilities.
Therefore, the following options will not be in your audit trail, as they are not relevant to the information security risk management process or the information security continuity process:
* E. Collect more evidence on how the organisation makes sure all staff periodically conduct a positive Covid test (Relevant to control A.7.2). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the health and safety of the staff, not the protection of information assets. Control A.7.2 is about screening of personnel prior to employment, not during employment.
* G. Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs a business risk assessment to evaluate how fast the existing residents can be discharged from the nursing home. (Relevant to clause 6). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the operational and financial aspects of the business, not the identification and treatment of information security risks. Clause 6 is about the information security risk management process, not the business risk management process.
* H. Collect more evidence on what resources the organisation provides to support the staff working from home. (Relevant to clause 7.1). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the general provision of resources for the ISMS, not the specific processes, procedures and controls to ensure the continuity of information security during a disruptive situation. Clause 7.1 is about determining and providing the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the ISMS, not the resources needed for the staff working from home.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 6.1, 7.1, and Annex A control A.5.29
* [PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor], pages 14-15, 17, 22-23
* ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.29 - What's New?
* ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management System
NEW QUESTION # 143
審核員能力是知識和技能的結合。下列哪兩項活動主要與「知識」相關？
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Knowledge is the understanding of facts, concepts, principles, theories and practices related to a specific subject or discipline. Skills are the ability to apply knowledge and use know-how to complete tasks and solve problems. According to ISO 19011:2018, the knowledge and skills of an auditor include the following:
Knowledge of audit principles, procedures and methods
Knowledge of management system standards and reference documents
Knowledge of the organization's context, scope, processes and objectives Knowledge of relevant legal, regulatory and contractual requirements Knowledge of applicable industry, sector or technical disciplines Knowledge of risk management and risk-based thinking Skill in collecting and verifying information Skill in evaluating conformity and effectiveness of management systems Skill in reporting and communicating audit results Skill in managing audit activities and teams Based on this, the activities that are predominately related to knowledge are designing a checklist and determining what evidence to gather, as they require the auditor to understand the audit criteria, scope, objectives and methods, as well as the organization's context, processes and risks. The other activities are more related to skills, as they involve applying knowledge and using know-how to perform tasks and solve problems during the audit.
Reference:
ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems, clauses 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 9-10 and 16-17 ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group Guidance on: Auditing Competence, pages 2-3 and 8
NEW QUESTION # 144
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