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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Testing AI-Based Systems | 20% | - Challenges in Testing AI-Based Systems - Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics - Bias and Fairness Considerations - Test Levels for AI-Based Systems |
| AI Test Methods and Techniques | 20% | - Black-Box Testing for AI Systems - Adversarial Testing - Metamorphic Testing - Test Oracle Techniques for AI |
| Practical Considerations | 12% | - Test Data Quality and Preparation - Documentation and Reporting - Test Environment Setup for AI - Automation in AI Testing |
| Basics of AI | 8% | - AI Types and Techniques - Data Concepts (Training, Validation, Test Data) - Machine Learning Types (Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement) - Definitions and Terminology |
| Neural Networks and Deep Learning | 20% | - Model Training and Evaluation Metrics - Overfitting and Underfitting - Neural Network Architecture Basics - Testing Deep Learning Models |
| Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics | 20% | - Robustness Testing - Explainability and Interpretability - Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score - Fairness and Bias Detection |
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NEW QUESTION # 110
Which statement regarding AI for defect prediction is correct?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section5.3 - AI Support for Defect Predictionof the ISTQB CT-AI syllabus explains that AI-based defect prediction models rely onhistorical patterns, including past defects, code behavior, and similar system configurations. ML models trained on prior defect data can identifycomponents likely to contain defects when new changes resemble previous defect-inducing patterns. This directly supports OptionA, which states that defect prediction is most effective when based on previous similar constellations.
Option B is incorrect: ML can predictwhich componentsare likely to fail, not only whether defects exist.
Option C is incomplete; code metrics help, but defect prediction relies onmanycontextual features (historical defects, code churn, commit frequency, etc.). Option D is wrong because defect prediction isnotbased on formal principles and typically requiresmany features, not just a few.
Thus,Option Ais the correct and syllabus-consistent answer.
NEW QUESTION # 111
Consider a machine learning model where the model is attempting to predict if a patient is at risk for stroke.
The model collects information on each patient regarding their blood pressure, red blood cell count, smoking, status, history of heart disease, cholesterol level, and demographics. Then, using a decision tree the model predicts whether or not the associated patient is likely to have a stroke in the near future. One the model is created using a training data set, it is used to predict a stroke in 80 additional patients. The table below shows a confusion matrix on whether or not the model mode a correct or incorrect prediction.
The testers have calculated what they believe to be an appropriate functional performance metric for the model. They calculated a value of 2/3 or 0.6667.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The problem describes aclassification modelthat predicts whether a patient is at risk for a stroke. The confusion matrix is provided, and the testers have calculated a performance metric as2/3 or 0.6667.
From theISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Syllabus, the definitions of functional performance metrics from a confusion matrix include:
* Accuracy:
Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FNAccuracy = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}
Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN
* Measures the proportion of correctly classified instances(both true positives and true negatives) over the total dataset.
* If the value is0.6667, it suggests that the metric includesboth correct positive and negative classifications, aligning with accuracy.
* Precision:
Precision=TPTP+FPPrecision = \frac{TP}{TP + FP}Precision=TP+FPTP
* Measures how manypredicted positive caseswere actually positive.
* Doesnotmatch the given calculation.
* Recall (Sensitivity):
Recall=TPTP+FNRecall = \frac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP
* Measures how manyactual positiveswere correctly identified.
* Doesnotmatch the 0.6667 value.
* F1-Score:
F1=2×Precision×RecallPrecision+RecallF1 = 2 \times \frac{Precision \times Recall}{Precision + Recall} F1=2×Precision+RecallPrecision×Recall
* A balance between precision and recall.
* The formula isdifferent from the provided calculation.
Since the formula foraccuracymatches the calculated value of0.6667, the best answer isD. Accuracy.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 5.1 (Confusion Matrix and Functional Performance Metrics)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 5.4 (Selecting ML Functional Performance Metrics)
NEW QUESTION # 112
Data used for an object detection ML system was found to have been labelled incorrectly in many cases.
Which ONE of the following options is most likely the reason for this problem?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: D
Explanation:
The question refers to a problem where data used for an object detection ML system was labelled incorrectly.
This issue is most closely related to "accuracy issues." Here's a detailed explanation:
* Accuracy Issues: The primary goal of labeling data in machine learning is to ensure that the model can accurately learn and make predictions based on the given labels. Incorrectly labeled data directly impacts the model's accuracy, leading to poor performance because the model learns incorrect patterns.
* Why Not Other Options:
* Security Issues: This pertains to data breaches or unauthorized access, which is not relevant to the problem of incorrect data labeling.
* Privacy Issues: This concerns the protection of personal data and is not related to the accuracy of data labeling.
* Bias Issues: While bias in data can affect model performance, it specifically refers to systematic errors or prejudices in the data rather than outright incorrect labeling.
References:This explanation is consistent with the concepts covered in the ISTQB CT-AI syllabus under dataset quality issues and their impact on machine learning models.
NEW QUESTION # 113
Which statement regarding data preparation in the ML workflow is correct?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: B
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus describes theML data preparation workflowin Section2.2 - Data Preparation.
Data preparation consists ofdata gathering,cleaning,transformation, andsampling. The syllabus emphasizes that one significant challenge duringdata gatheringis combining data frommultiple heterogeneous sources, which often differ in structure, quality, and format. Ensuring the resulting dataset is accurate, complete, and representative can be complex, making this a critical challenge in the ML workflow. This aligns directly with OptionC.
Option A is incorrect because erroneous data correction is part ofcleaning, not transformation. Option B contradicts the syllabus: while automation can help,not all steps should be automateddue to the need for expert oversight, especially in detecting subtle data quality issues. Option D is incorrect because sampling continues to involve risk-particularly around representativeness-and the syllabus emphasizes caution, not complacency.
Thus, OptionCis the only statement that accurately reflects the syllabus.
NEW QUESTION # 114
You have access to the training data that was used to train an AI-based system. You can review this information and use it as a guideline when creating your tests. What type of characteristic is this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AI-based systems can sometimes behave like black boxes, where the internal decision-making process is unclear. Transparency refers to the ability to inspect and understand the training data, algorithms, and decision-making process of the AI system.
Transparency ensures that testers and stakeholders can review how an AI system was trained.
Access to training data is a key factor in transparency because it allows testers to analyze biases, completeness, and representativeness of the dataset.
Transparency is an essential characteristic of explainable AI (XAI). Having access to training data means that testers can investigate how data influences AI behavior.
Regulatory and ethical AI guidelines emphasize transparency. Many AI ethics frameworks, such as GDPR and Trustworthy AI guidelines, recommend transparency to ensure fair and explainable AI decision-making.
NEW QUESTION # 115
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