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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| System Architecture & Design | 20% | - FortiOS 7.6 architecture & components - VDOM design & multi-tenant deployment - Security Fabric integration & scaling - Hardware sizing & resource planning |
| Security Policy & Services | 10% | - Identity-based policies - NAT & IP pool optimization - Advanced firewall & security profile design |
| Centralized Management | 20% | - FortiManager 7.6 deployment & role assignment - Policy packages & object templates - Configuration provisioning & version control - FortiAnalyzer logging & reporting |
| High Availability & Redundancy | 15% | - Cross-data center redundancy - FGCP/FGSP/vCluster deployment - Session synchronization & failover |
| Monitoring & Troubleshooting | 10% | - Diagnostic tools & CLI analysis - Fabric synchronization issues - Connectivity & performance troubleshooting |
| Advanced Routing & VPN | 25% | - SD-WAN design & SLA management - Route redistribution & filtering - IPsec VPN & ADVPN architecture - OSPF, BGP, IS-IS configuration & optimization |
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NEW QUESTION # 88
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
An administrator has noticed unusual behavior from FortiGate. It appears that sessions are randomly removed.
Which two reasons could explain this? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
To determine why sessions are being removed, we must interpret the specific counters in the diagnose sys session stat output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze memory_tension_drop (Reason A):
Observation: The output shows memory_tension_drop=4.
This counter specifically increments when the FortiGate kernel attempts to allocate a new memory page for a session but fails due to a lack of available system memory. As a result, the session creation is aborted or an existing session is dropped to free up resources. This confirms that the kernel is struggling to allocate memory pages.
Analyze extreme_low_mem (Reason D):
Observation: The output shows extreme_low_mem=0 (which is good), but we must look at the context of memory_tension_drop.
Context: While the extreme_low_mem counter itself is 0 in this snapshot, the presence of memory_tension_drop indicates the system is under memory pressure. Furthermore, in many Fortinet exam contexts involving this specific exhibit, the focus is on the mechanism of " flushing sessions " to recover memory.
Refinement: Actually, look closer at the exhibit. It shows flush=787.
The flush counter indicates the number of times the system has actively purged (flushed) old or stale sessions from the table to recover memory or due to policy changes. A high flush count combined with memory tension drops strongly suggests the system is aggressively removing sessions to handle high memory usage.
Therefore, " FortiGate is flushing sessions because of high memory usage " is the correct interpretation of the flush and memory_tension_drop counters working together.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: There is no counter in this specific output (like tcp_syn_sent drop) that indicates dropping incomplete handshakes. The clash=0 and delete=0 counters are low/zero.
C: The dev_down=16/120 field does not mean the device was down for 10 seconds. It refers to device index pointers or internal kernel interface states, not system uptime/downtime impacting session acceptance in the way described.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting Guide (System Resources): " The memory_tension_drop counter indicates sessions dropped due to kernel memory exhaustion. The flush counter indicates sessions removed to free up table space. "
NEW QUESTION # 89
Which authentication option can you not configure under config user radius on FortiOS?
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the official Fortinet administration guide for FortiOS 7.6.4 under the section " Configuring a RADIUS server, " the supported RADIUS authentication methods you can configure via the CLI with config user radius are:
pap
chap
mschap
mschapv2
auto
The relevant CLI syntax is set auth-type {auto | ms_chap_v2 | ms_chap | chap | pap}. You can confirm this directly in the configuration table and from real CLI sessions.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is NOT an authentication option you can directly set under config user radius. EAP methods (such as EAP-TLS, EAP-PEAP, EAP-TTLS) are negotiated between the RADIUS client and server but are not configurable as an explicit auth-type option in FortiOS. EAP authentication is typically used automatically by features like 802.1X, not through the user radius object authentication-type setting, and always requires proper backend workings between supplicant and RADIUS server
NEW QUESTION # 90
Refer to the exhibit.
Which route will traffic take to get to the 100.65.0.0/24 network considering the routes are all configured with the same distance?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To determine the path the traffic will take, we must look at the FortiGate Route Lookup Precedence (Packet Processing Flow) and the specific configurations shown in the exhibit Analyze the Routing Precedence:
In FortiOS, when a packet arrives (and is not part of an existing session), the FortiGate performs route lookups in a specific order:
Policy Routes: Configured under config router policy (or diagnose firewall proute list). These are checked first. If a packet matches the criteria (Source, Destination, Protocol, Incoming Interface), the Policy Route is used immediately, bypassing the standard routing table.
FIB (Forwarding Information Base): If no Policy Route matches, the device looks at the standard routing table (Static, Connected, Dynamic).
Analyze the Exhibit:
Policy Route Section: The output of diagnose firewall proute list shows an active policy route (id=1).
Destination: 100.65.0.0/255.255.255.0 (Matches the network in the question).
Action: It directs traffic to gateway 10.0.4.253 via oif=6(port4).
Routing Table Section: The output of get router info routing-table database shows multiple routes for
100.65.0.0/24 (Static, OSPF, BGP) all with distance 10. The Static route (S) is currently selected (* > ) in the FIB.
Conclusion:
Because Policy Routes take precedence over the standard routing table (FIB), the FortiGate will forward the traffic using the instructions in Policy Route ID 1. It will not use the Static, BGP, or OSPF routes visible in the routing table for any traffic that matches the policy route ' s criteria (ingress port 3).
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Routing): " Policy routes take precedence over entries in the routing table. If a packet matches a policy route, the FortiGate routes the packet according to the specified interface and gateway. "
NEW QUESTION # 91
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which two actions will FortiGate take when using the default settings for SSL certificate inspection? (Choose two answers)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D.
The study guide states: "SSL certificate inspection relies on extracting the FQDN of the URL from either:
TLS extension server name indication (SNI), SSL certificate common name (CN)." It also says: "When using SSL certificate inspection, FortiGate is not decrypting the traffic. It is only inspecting the server digital certificates and the SNI field, which are interchanged before the encryption." This proves the second part of the answer:
under SSL certificate inspection, FortiGate does not decrypt the traffic therefore, if the traffic is allowed, it still passes without decryption That makes D correct.
For the SNI mismatch behavior, the FortiOS administration guide describes the default Server certificate SNI check behavior as:
"Enable: If it is mismatched use the CN in the server certificate for URL" So if the SNI does not match the CN or any SAN, FortiGate falls back to using the CN from the Subject field for URL handling under the default setting. That makes C correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because with the default SNI-check behavior, when the SNI mismatches the certificate identity, FortiGate does not continue using the mismatched SNI. Instead, it uses the CN in the server certificate for the URL.
B is not the best answer in this single pair selection. While certificate inspection does not decrypt traffic, the key default behavior the documents explicitly highlight for this mismatch case is:
use the CN when SNI mismatches, and
certificate inspection does not decrypt allowed HTTPS traffic.
So the verified answers are: C, D.
NEW QUESTION # 92
Refer to the exhibit.
An administrator has configured a firewall policy to use proxy-based inspection mode. What could explain the messages observed in the debug flow output?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is A.
The debug flow shows:
traffic is going to TCP port 211
FortiGate logs run helper-ftp(dir=original)
The study guide explains exactly what that message means:
"In this example, the run helper-ftp message indicates that the FTP session helper is being used." Under normal proxy-based inspection, protocol handling is controlled by Protocol Options. The FortiOS administration guide states:
"Protocol port mapping only works with proxy-based inspection." and "The ports can be modified to inspect any port with flowing traffic." So if the policy is configured for proxy-based inspection but the debug still shows the FTP session helper on port 211, the most likely explanation is that the FTP protocol mapping in Protocol Options is broad enough to match unexpectedly, such as being mapped to Any. That would cause FortiGate to identify the traffic as FTP and invoke the helper.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because SSL deep inspection is unrelated to this debug. The traffic shown is plain TCP/211, and the key message is about the FTP helper, not SSL decryption.
C is wrong because if FTP had not been mapped to port 211, FortiGate would be less likely to treat this traffic as FTP. The observed run helper-ftp indicates FTP handling is being triggered.
D is wrong because low-memory conserve behavior would typically cause inspection bypass or blocking behavior, not specifically the run helper-ftp message. The study guide's helper example ties this message to session-helper use, not memory shortage.
So the verified answer is: A.
NEW QUESTION # 93
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