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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Control plane component failures - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Cluster component health checks - Worker node issues and recovery - Log collection and analysis - Pod and application failures |
| Topic 2: Storage | 10% | - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - StatefulSet storage configuration - Volume types and access modes |
| Topic 3: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - CoreDNS and service discovery - Network policies - Ingress resources and controllers - CNI configuration and troubleshooting |
| Topic 5: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Manage RBAC - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Work with CRDs and Operators - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Implement high availability control plane - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation |
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NEW QUESTION # 75
You have a Deployment running on a Kubernetes cluster with limited resources. How can you adjust the Deployment to use resources more efficiently and prevent resource contention?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define Resource Requests and Limits:
- Set 'requests' and 'limits' for CPU and memory for the containers in the Deployment.
- This helps in specifying the minimum resources required by the pods and the maximum resources that they can consume.
2. Optimize Container Images: - Use smaller and more efficient container images to reduce the resource footprint of the pods. 3. Use Resource Quotas: - Apply resource quotas at the namespace level to control the resource consumption of the pods within a namespace. 4. Consider Pod Disruption Budgets (PDB): - Implement PDBs to control the maximum number of pods that can be unavailable during a rolling update or pod deletion. - This ensures that the application remains available during resource-intensive events. 5. Utilize Node Affinity and Tolerations: - Configure node affinity and tolerations to schedule pods on specific nodes that have the required resources. 6. Monitor Resource Utilization: - Regularly monitor the resource utilization of the cluster and the pods. - Use tools like 'kubectl top pods', 'kubectl top nodes', and 'kubectl describe nodes' to gather resource utilization data. - Adjust resource requests and limits accordingly based on the monitoring data.
NEW QUESTION # 76
Check the rollout history and make sure everything is ok after the update
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 77
Create a Pod nginx and specify a CPU request and a CPU limit of 0.5 and 1 respectively.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 78
You have a 'NodePort' service named 'my-service' exposed on port 30000. You need to configure a NetworkPolicy to only allow access to the service from specific nodes in the cluster based on their node labels.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a NetworkPolicy:
- Define a NetworkPolicy that allows traffic from nodes with specific labels to the service.
2. Apply the NetworkPolicy: - Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml'. 3. Verify the NetworkPolicy: - Check the status of the NetworkPolicy using 'kubectl get networkpolicies allow-specific-nodes -n . 4. Test: - Access the service using the 'NodePort' on a node with the specified label. You should be able to access the service. - Access the service using the 'NodePort' on a node that does not have the specified label. You should not be able to access the service. Note: - Replace with the actual namespace where your service is located. - Replace the CIDR values with the actual CIDRs of your nodes or the node labels that you want to use for filtering.,
NEW QUESTION # 79
You have a Deployment named 'web-app' running a web application with two pods. The web application is configured to access a database with the connection string stored in a ConfigMap named 'db- config'. You need to update the database connection string in the ConfigMap without restarting the pods.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the ConfigMap:
- Modify the 'db-config' ConfigMap to include the new connection string. This can be done using 'kubectl patch' or 'kubectl edit' commands. For instance, using 'kubectl patch':
kubectl patch configmap db-config -p '{"data": {"db-connection-string": "new-connection-string"}}'
2. Verify the Updated ConfigMap:
- Confirm the changes were applied to the ConfigMap by checking its data with 'kubectl get configmap db- config -o yaml':
kubectl get configmap db-config -o yaml
This should show the updated 'db-connection-string' value.
3. Observe the Pods:
- Monitor the pods in the 'web-app' Deployment. Since ConfigMaps are mounted as volumes, the updated connection string will automatically be available to the pods without any manual restarts. You can check the pods using get pods -l app=web-app'.
kubectl get pods -l app=web-app
4. Confirm Application Functionality:
- Verify that the web application is now using the updated database connection by performing relevant actions within the application, such as querying data or performing other operations.
NEW QUESTION # 80
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