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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security | 20% | - Audit log configuration - Incident investigation - Container immutability - Behavioral analytics - Threat detection (Falco) |
| Topic 2: Cluster Hardening | 15% | - API access restriction - Component updates & vulnerability mitigation - Service account security - RBAC configuration |
| Topic 3: Cluster Setup | 15% | - Network security policies - Node metadata protection - CIS benchmark compliance - Binary verification - Secure Ingress configuration |
| Topic 4: Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Static analysis tools - Signed artifacts & verification - Permitted registries - SBOM & CI/CD security - Image security & scanning |
| Topic 5: Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Isolation & multi-tenancy - Secret management - OPA/Gatekeeper implementation - Security contexts - Pod Security Standards |
| Topic 6: System Hardening | 10% | - Minimize OS attack surface - Least privilege IAM - Network access control - Kernel hardening (AppArmor, seccomp) |
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40. Frage
You are managing a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named 'database-deployment' running 3 replicas of a PostgreSQL database container. You need to implement a security policy that restricts the database pods from accessing the internet, allowing them to only communicate with each other and with specific external services. The allowed external services include a dedicated monitoring service at 'monitoring-example-com:8080' and a logging service at 'logging-example-com:514'. Additionally, you want to enforce this policy using NetworkPolicy.
Antwort:
Begründung:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a NetworkPolicy for database pods:
- Create a YAML file named "database-networkpolicy.yamr with the following contents:
41. Frage
SIMULATION
Two tools are pre-installed on the cluster's worker node:
Using the tool of your choice (including any non pre-installed tool), analyze the container's behavior for at least 30 seconds, using filters that detect newly spawning and executing processes.
Store an incident file at /opt/KSRS00101/alerts/details, containing the detected incidents, one per line, in the following format:
The following example shows a properly formatted incident file:
Antwort:
Begründung:
See explanation below
Explanation:
42. Frage
Use the kubesec docker images to scan the given YAML manifest, edit and apply the advised changes, and passed with a score of 4 points.
kubesec-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: kubesec-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: kubesec-demo
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
Hint: docker run -i kubesec/kubesec:512c5e0 scan /dev/stdin < kubesec-test.yaml
Antwort:
Begründung:
kubesec scan k8s-deployment.yaml
cat <<EOF > kubesec-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: kubesec-demo
spec:
containers:
- name: kubesec-demo
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
EOF
kubesec scan kubesec-test.yaml
docker run -i kubesec/kubesec:512c5e0 scan /dev/stdin < kubesec-test.yaml kubesec http 8080 &
[1] 12345
{"severity":"info","timestamp":"2019-05-12T11:58:34.662+0100","caller":"server/server.go:69","message":"Starting HTTP server on port 8080"} curl -sSX POST --data-binary @test/asset/score-0-cap-sys-admin.yml http://localhost:8080/scan
[
{
"object": "Pod/security-context-demo.default",
"valid": true,
"message": "Failed with a score of -30 points",
"score": -30,
"scoring": {
"critical": [
{
"selector": "containers[] .securityContext .capabilities .add == SYS_ADMIN",
"reason": "CAP_SYS_ADMIN is the most privileged capability and should always be avoided"
},
{
"selector": "containers[] .securityContext .runAsNonRoot == true",
"reason": "Force the running image to run as a non-root user to ensure least privilege"
},
// ...
43. Frage
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a sensitive workload running in a specific namespace. You need to restrict access to this namespace to only authorized users- How would you achieve this using Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)?
Antwort:
Begründung:
Solution (Step by Step):
1. Create a Role: Define a Role that grants only the required permissions to access the sensitive namespace.
- Name: 'namespace-access-role' (you can choose any name)
- Namespace: The namespace you want to restrict access to.
- Rules:
- Resources: Specify the resources that the role allows access to. For example, 'pods", 'deployments', 'services', etc.
- Verbs: Define the allowed actions on tne resources. For example, 'get', 'list, 'watch', 'create', 'update' , 'delete', etc.
- ApiGroups: Specify the API group that the resources belong to. For example, 'apps', 'extensions' , etc.
- You can use wildcards to grant access to all resources or all verbs.
2. Create a ROIeBinding: Associate the Role with specific users or groups.
- Name: 'namespace-access-binding' (you can choose any name)
- Namespace: The namespace you want to restrict access to.
_ RoleRef-.
- Kind: 'Role' (since you are using a Role)
- Name: The name of the Role you created.
- ApiGroup: 'rbac.authorization.k8s.i0'
- Subjects: Define the users or groups that should have access to this Role.
- Kind: Specify whether it's a user or group.
- Name: The username or group name.
- ApiGroup: 'rbac.authorization.k8s.io'
3. Apply the Role and Role3inding:
- Use 'kubectl apply -f role.yaml' and 'kubectl apply -f rolebinding.yamr to create the Role and RoleBinding respectively
Example YAML for Role and Role8inding:
Role (role-yaml)
Role8inding (rolebinding.yaml)
- The Role 'namespace-access-role' grants permissions to access 'deployments' , 'pods' , 'services', and 'secrets' in the - The RoleBinding 'namespace-access-binding' associates this Role with the user - This setup Will restrict access to the namespace to only tne user Important Notes: - R8AC is a powerful mechanism to control access to resources in Kubernetes- - It's important to understand the different RBAC components (Role, RoleBinding, ClusterRole, ClusterRole8inding) and their usage. - Define granular permissions to ensure least privilege access and enhance security.
44. Frage
You are running a critical web application on Kubernetes. You have implemented Pod Security Policies (PSPs) to enforce security restrictions on your pods. You want to configure PSPs to enforce the following security requirements:
Only allow specific image registries: Ensure pods can only pull images from authorized registries like 'docker.ios and 'gcr.ios. Restrict container privileges: Enforce the principle of least privilege by ensuring that only a minimum number of containers have root privileges. Limit resource usage: Prevent resource starvation by restricting the CPU and memory requests of pods.
Provide the detailed configuration for your PSP to enforce these security requirements.
Antwort:
Begründung:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. create a PSP YAML file:
2. Apply the PSP: bash kubectl apply -f restricted-psp.yaml 3. Create a Deployment with a securityContext
4. Apply the Deployment: bash kubectl apply -f myapp-deploymentyaml Note: This configuration assumes that the 'restricted-psps is applied to your entire namespace. You can use a more granular approach by applying the PSP to specific pods or deployments.
45. Frage
......
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