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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Supply chain design and strategy - Inventory management - Logistics and distribution - Sourcing and procurement |
| Topic 2: Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Location analysis and decisions - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) - Capacity planning strategies |
| Topic 3: Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Aggregate planning - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems |
| Topic 4: Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - Operations strategy and competitive priorities - Product and service design - History and evolution of operations management |
| Topic 5: Competency 7: Forecasting | - Qualitative forecasting methods - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) - Forecast accuracy measures |
| Topic 6: Competency 2: Quality Management | - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) - Total Quality Management (TQM) |
| Topic 7: Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Lean operations and waste elimination - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Six Sigma methodology |
>> Operations-Management日本語対策問題集 <<
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質問 # 62
What is a major factor in the decision to locate a business near its primary market territory?
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
The dominant factor in locating a business near its primary market territory isproximity to customers.
From an Operations Management perspective, closeness to customers:
* Reduces transportation and delivery time
* Improves service responsiveness
* Enhances customer satisfaction
* Supports demand growth
This is especially critical for service organizations and distribution-intensive businesses, where customer access and speed are competitive advantages.
While proximity to labor is important, it does not define market territory. Community centers and parks are not operational drivers.
Locating near customers aligns capacity with demand, minimizes logistics complexity, and strengthens market presence.
質問 # 63
What do assignable causes of variation indicate?
正解：C
解説：
Assignable causes of variation indicate thatout-of-control signals were found in the process.
In Statistical Process Control (SPC), variation is classified into:
* Common causes(natural, inherent to the process)
* Assignable causes(specific, identifiable, and correctable)
Assignable causes signal that something unusual has occurred, such as equipment malfunction, incorrect material, improper setup, or procedural deviation. These causes result inprocess instabilityand are detected using control charts when data points fall outside control limits or exhibit non-random patterns.
Importantly, assignable causes donot automatically blame individuals. TQM philosophy stresses that most quality problems are systemic, and the goal is toidentify root causes, not assign fault.
The other options are either overly specific or misleading:
* A computer virus is not a standard quality interpretation
* Operator fault may or may not be the cause
* Equipment issues are one possible assignable cause, not the definition Recognizing assignable causes allows organizations to takecorrective action, restore process stability, and prevent recurrence-key objectives of quality control.
質問 # 64
What is one advantage of a periodic review system?
正解：C
解説：
A key advantage of aperiodic review inventory systemis thatall items are reviewed at the same time interval.
In a periodic review system:
* Inventory levels are checked at fixed intervals (e.g., weekly, monthly)
* Orders are placed to raise inventory to a target level
* Multiple items can be ordered together
This approach simplifies administration and reduces ordering costs, making it especially suitable for:
* Retail environments
* Low-value or slow-moving items
* Situations where continuous monitoring is impractical
The other options describe continuous review systems:
* Individual item handling
* Real-time inventory updates
* Lower safety stock requirements
Operations Management recognizes periodic review as a trade-off between control and simplicity. While it may require higher safety stock, it offers operational efficiency and cost savings in many contexts.
質問 # 65
Which factor determines how long it takes a qualified operator to perform a duty of the job requirements under the assumption that the operator is working at a sustainable pace with the proper tools for the process?
正解：C
解説：
Standard timeis the measure that determines how long it should take a qualified operator to perform a jobat a sustainable pace using proper tools and methods.
In Operations Management and work measurement, standard time represents theallowed timeto complete a task, including:
* Normal time (observed time adjusted for performance rating)
* Allowances for fatigue
* Personal needs
* Unavoidable delays
Standard time is essential for:
* Scheduling work
* Determining labor requirements
* Establishing production standards
* Capacity planning
* Incentive wage systems
The other options represent intermediate concepts:
* Observed timeis the raw measured time
* Normal timeadjusts observed time for performance rating
* Performance timeis not a standard OM term
By incorporating allowances, standard time ensures that expectations arerealistic and sustainable, protecting both productivity and employee well-being. It is a foundational element of work system design and labor planning.
質問 # 66
Which two capacity measurement concepts should a firm consider when conducting a location analysis?
Choose 2 answers
正解：C、D
解説：
When conducting a location analysis, firms must considerproximity to sources of supplyandsite considerationsas key capacity-related factors.
Proximity to sources of supplyaffects:
* Transportation cost and reliability
* Lead times
* Inventory requirements
* Production continuity
Reliable supply access directly influences effective capacity by reducing disruptions and variability.
Site considerationsinclude:
* Land availability and cost
* Infrastructure and utilities
* Expansion potential
* Zoning and regulatory constraints
These factors determine how much capacity can be installed, expanded, and operated efficiently over time.
The other options are less relevant:
* Throughput time is a process performance metric
* Employee relations are important but not capacity measurement concepts Operations Management emphasizes that capacity decisions are long-term and capital-intensive. Poor location choices constrain future capacity, flexibility, and growth.
質問 # 67
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