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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| AI Lifecycle Controls | - Controls across AI development lifecycle
|
| AI Governance and Strategy | - AI governance frameworks and organizational oversight
|
| AI Risk Management | - Risk identification and assessment for AI systems
|
| Ethics, Privacy, and Responsible AI | - Ethical AI principles and compliance
|
| Regulatory and Compliance Requirements | - Global AI regulatory landscape
|
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NEW QUESTION # 150
Which AI security by design option BEST mitigates targeted model poisoning and supply chain tampering?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Model poisoning attacks target the training data or model parameters to degrade performance or introduce malicious behavior. Supply chain tampering introduces compromised components at vendor or integration stages. Security by design principles require embedding defenses against these threats from the earliest design stages.
Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR security by design guidance, adversarial resilience and data integrity controls address both model poisoning and supply chain tampering at their root. Adversarial resilience training prepares the model to resist maliciously crafted inputs. Data integrity controls- cryptographic signing, provenance tracking, integrity verification-detect tampering in training data and model artifacts across the supply chain. Together, these form the most comprehensive defense against both attack categories.
Why A is Wrong: Data refreshes with checksums detect post-hoc data corruption but do not build adversarial resilience into the model itself. Checksums verify file integrity but cannot prevent poisoning attacks that maintain file integrity while altering data content.
Why B is Wrong: Frequent retraining and bias monitoring address performance drift and fairness but do not specifically protect against deliberate tampering. A retrained model may still be trained on poisoned data if integrity controls are absent.
Why D is Wrong: Data tokenization protects sensitive field values from unauthorized access (a privacy control) but does not address model poisoning or supply chain tampering, which can occur without accessing or exposing the sensitive field values themselves.
NEW QUESTION # 151
Which of the following BEST helps to ensure the success of an AI risk management plan?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, program management connects risk identification, control selection, treatment, monitoring, resilience, third-party oversight, and reporting to enterprise risk objectives. A successful AI risk management plan depends on robust governance and ethical oversight that establishes accountability, escalation, decision rights, and coordinated monitoring. Individual security or IP controls address only portions of the overall program. This makes option B, Robust structures for governance and ethical oversight, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk-management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 152
An organization depends on automated decision systems for critical operations. Which of the following MOST effectively mitigates prolonged operational risk after system failures?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, program management connects risk identification, control selection, treatment, monitoring, resilience, third-party oversight, and reporting to enterprise risk objectives. Tabletop disaster recovery exercises test whether recovery roles, procedures, escalation paths, dependencies, and decisions will work during disruption. Restoration of artifacts is necessary after failure, but exercises validate the organization ' s ability to recover before an incident occurs. This makes option C, Conducting tabletop disaster recovery exercises, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk- management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 153
Which of the following is the GREATEST concern when an organization cannot clearly explain an AI system
' s decision-making process and the origin of its inputs?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explainability and input transparency are foundational requirements for responsible AI governance. When these are absent, organizations lose the ability to identify when AI systems produce harmful, biased, or inaccurate results-leaving those harms undetected and unaddressed.
Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR, the inability to explain AI decisions is most dangerous because it creates an environment where discriminatory or inaccurate outputs can persist undetected. This exposes the organization to regulatory penalties (particularly under anti-discrimination, financial services, and privacy laws), reputational damage, and harm to affected individuals. The detection gap-not knowing what the system is doing wrong-is the core governance failure.
Why A is Wrong: External provider dependence is a third-party risk management concern. While relevant, it is a structural risk that can be addressed through contract management, not an immediate consequence of lacking explainability.
Why B is Wrong: Declining adoption rates represent a change management and trust concern. Business unit reluctance to adopt AI is a cultural and operational issue, not the primary risk from unexplainable AI decisions.
Why D is Wrong: Manual review bottlenecks represent operational inefficiency. They may result from lack of confidence in AI outputs but do not represent the primary organizational harm from unexplainability.
NEW QUESTION # 154
Which of the following is the MOST important reason that risk practitioners should distinguish among traditional supervised models, unsupervised models, and large language models (LLMs) when assessing AI risk?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Within the ISACA Advanced in AI Risk framework, life-cycle controls should protect data quality, model design, testing, validation, monitoring, change management, and secure retirement of AI systems. Supervised, unsupervised, and large language models have different risk profiles for explainability, fairness, robustness, hallucination, data dependence, and validation. Distinguishing model types allows the risk assessment to select controls that match the actual technology. This makes option A, Each type of model has different explainability, fairness, and resiliency profiles, the strongest answer. The other choices describe narrower technical, operational, performance, or administrative considerations and do not address the primary risk- management objective in the scenario as directly. A risk practitioner should select the response that most effectively reduces the stated exposure while preserving appropriate oversight, traceability, and alignment with organizational risk tolerance and business requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 155
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