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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Controls and Regulations | 10–15% | - Internal control systems and principles
|
| Topic 2: Cost Systems | 20–25% | - Cost concepts and classification
|
| Topic 3: Budgeting and Decision Making | 10–15% | - Relevant information for decision making
|
| Topic 4: Financial Analysis | 45–50% | - Purpose and components of financial statements
|
| Topic 5: Profit Planning | 10–15% | - Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis
|
>> Accounting-for-Decision-Makers参考書内容 <<
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質問 # 70
Which two examples represent financial statement errors?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、B
解説：
The correct answers are A and C . A financial statement error is an unintentional misstatement in the amount, classification, presentation, or disclosure of financial statement information. PCAOB standards explain that misstatements can arise from either error or fraud , and errors are unintentional. A miscalculated payroll tax liability is a classic accounting error because it produces an incorrect liability amount without intent to deceive. Likewise, unintentionally recording unearned customer prepayments as revenue is an error in revenue recognition and financial statement classification.
Option B is not an error; it is fraud or misappropriation of assets because it involves deliberate overpayment and a kickback. PCAOB fraud guidance distinguishes intentional misconduct from accidental mistakes.
Option D is not necessarily an error merely because an auditor disagrees with management's estimate.
Allowance for uncollectible accounts is an area of judgment, and disagreement alone does not prove a financial statement error exists. Therefore, the two choices that best represent unintentional financial statement errors are A and C .
質問 # 71
Which technique describes the practice of incurring debt but fully paying the debt over time?
正解：C
解説：
The best answer is B. Liability deferral . Among the choices provided, this is the only option that relates to a liability-based arrangement in which an obligation is incurred and then settled over time. In accounting, debt that is taken on and repaid through scheduled installments is generally treated as a liability until it is extinguished through repayment. Repaying principal over time is commonly described in finance as amortization of debt principal , meaning the borrower fully pays the debt in installments over a period of time.
The other options do not fit this meaning. Income smoothing refers to managing the pattern of reported earnings to reduce fluctuations between periods, not simply borrowing and repaying debt. "Profit control" and
"accounting management" are not standard terms for the repayment of debt over time in basic accounting frameworks. Because the question asks for the option that best matches the idea of incurring debt and then paying it off over time, Liability deferral is the most appropriate answer from the choices given, even though
"debt amortization" would be the more standard term in practice.
質問 # 72
A company prepared the following contribution margin income statement for the actual sale of 10,000 shoes:
Sales revenue = $600,000
Variable costs = $400,000
Contribution margin = $200,000
Less fixed costs = $150,000
Net income = $50,000
What would be the forecasted net income for the sale of 14,000 shoes based on the actual results above?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is C. $130,000 . A contribution margin income statement separates variable costs from fixed costs , which makes it useful for forecasting profit at different sales levels. OpenStax explains that contribution margin analysis shows how much sales revenue remains after variable costs to cover fixed costs and profit.
First calculate the per-unit amounts based on 10,000 shoes:
Sales per unit = $600,000 / 10,000 = $60
Variable cost per unit = $400,000 / 10,000 = $40
Contribution margin per unit = $20
For 14,000 shoes , total contribution margin would be:
14,000 × $20 = $280,000
Now subtract fixed costs, which stay the same at $150,000 :
Forecasted net income = $280,000 - $150,000 = $130,000
So the company would expect to earn $130,000 if it sells 14,000 shoes. This is exactly why CVP and contribution margin statements are useful for planning: they allow managers to estimate the profit impact of volume changes quickly, as long as selling price, variable cost per unit, and fixed costs remain stable.
Therefore, Option C is correct.
質問 # 73
In January of Year 1, a company began doing business as a corporation in order to sell technology-related accessories and services. During its first month of operations, the following events occurred:
January 1
The corporation received $900,000 in cash in exchange for stock issued to stockholders.
January 3
The corporation borrowed $250,000 from a bank. The loan is a four-year loan with an interest rate of 12%, payable each year on January 1 beginning in Year 2.
January 5
The corporation purchased equipment to be used in the business for $200,000 cash.
January 8
The corporation purchased inventory costing $200,000 by paying $120,000 in cash. The remainder was put on credit accounts with suppliers.
January 15
The corporation hired five employees. Each employee will be paid $1,000 at the end of each month.
January 30
The corporation paid $6,000 cash for a one-year insurance policy. The policy period will begin on February 1, Year 1.
What will be the impact of the January 1 event on the company's balance sheet on that date, along with an increase to cash of $900,000?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is A. Stockholders' equity will increase by $900,000 . On January 1, the corporation received cash in exchange for issuing stock. That means the company's assets increase because cash increases, and stockholders' equity also increases because ownership shares were issued. OpenStax explains that when a company issues stock for cash or other assets, the asset account increases and the related equity accounts are credited.
Option B is incorrect because no borrowing occurred on January 1, so loan payable does not increase from that event. Option C is incorrect because "investments" is not the proper classification for the corporation's own issuance of stock in this context. Option D is incorrect because retained earnings increase from profitable operations over time, not from owner contributions or stock issuances. This transaction is a classic example of the accounting equation staying balanced: Assets increase by $900,000 and Stockholders' Equity increases by $900,000 . Therefore, the correct balance sheet effect, along with the rise in cash, is an equal increase in stockholders' equity .
質問 # 74
Match each accounting term with its definition.
Answer options may be used more than once or not at all.
Select your answer from the pull-down list.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Conservatism - Information related to recognizing losses as they occur
Reliable - Information that can be verified
Material - Information that is important enough to make a difference
Relevant - Information having to do with the matter at hand
These accounting terms describe important qualitative ideas used in financial reporting. Conservatism means accountants should use caution when uncertainty exists, especially by recognizing potential losses sooner rather than delaying them. Reliable information is information that can be supported, confirmed, or verified, which makes it trustworthy for users of financial statements. Material information is significant enough to affect the decisions of investors, creditors, or other users. If leaving it out or misstating it could influence a decision, it is material. Relevant information is information that relates directly to the issue being considered and is useful for decision-making.
These concepts help ensure that accounting information is useful, dependable, and meaningful. Relevance focuses on usefulness, reliability focuses on trustworthiness, materiality focuses on significance, and conservatism focuses on caution under uncertainty. Together, they support better financial statement preparation and interpretation. In this matching question, each term lines up with its most standard accounting definition, so the correct matches are exactly as shown above.
質問 # 75
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あなたの夢は何ですか。あなたのキャリアでいくつかの輝かしい業績を行うことを望まないのですか。きっと望んでいるでしょう。では、常に自分自身をアップグレードする必要があります。IT業種で仕事しているあなたは、夢を達成するためにどんな方法を利用するつもりですか。実際には、IT認定試験を受験して認証資格を取るのは一つの良い方法です。最近、WGUのAccounting-for-Decision-Makers試験は非常に人気のある認定試験です。あなたもこの試験の認定資格を取得したいのですか。さて、はやく試験を申し込みましょう。Tech4Examはあなたを助けることができますから、心配する必要がないですよ。
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