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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Topic 2: Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Topic 3: Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Topic 4: Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Topic 5: Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Topic 6: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Topic 7: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Topic 8: Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Topic 9: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 746
The owner of a cat with a saddle thrombus had no cost concerns and hospitalized the patient until the patient was stable, pain-free, received an echocardiogram, and was ready to go home. However, the patient didn't fully regain mobility in either hind leg. You are discharging the patient and discussing signs of pain to monitor moving forward. You also discuss the use of passive range of motion (PROM) to help the patient hopefully regain some range of motion in the affected limbs.
Which of the following would be inappropriate when performing PROM?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Passive range of motion (PROM) helps patients who have decreased range of motion hopefully regain that motion, increase strength, and minimize muscle loss due to disuse. PROM should never be painful. Always massage the muscles being stretched to ensure they remain pain-free, stimulate blood flow, and encourage movement. Guide the limb but never pull it. Never hyperextend joints. Simply flex and relax them to prevent tendon and ligament damage. For patients lying on their side, you want to avoid any unnecessary torque to the limb and joints, so keeping the leg parallel to the ground is paramount.
Finally, exercises should include flexing the joint of focus for 10-20 seconds maximum, holding it in extension for the same duration, and then allowing the leg to relax. Then repeat 3-10 times. 1-2 minutes would be too long of a time and hence, would be inappropriate.
NEW QUESTION # 747
How often should a veterinary technician administer an eye lubricant and inspect the catheters of a ventilator patient?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 748
You have a horse client who routinely self-treats his horses without calling for an evaluation. He often retains leftover medications, and recently had a horse who was not training right. His gait was off, and he didn't seem to want to run at full gallop. The owner had Banamine at home from another horse. The previously prescribed horse was a Percheron, who stood 18 hands. Today's horse of concern, a warmblood, only stands 15.5 hands and is in an appropriate body condition. The owner finally calls you because the horse isn't eating much the past few days and seems lethargic. Additionally, today, he has been stretching out more in strange postures and grinding his teeth.
What do you discuss with the owner as a possible cause?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Banamine (flunixin meglumine) is a common NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) pain medication used in large animals. However, GI side effects can occur in most species. In dogs, we tend to see vomiting and/or diarrhea and, less commonly, GI ulceration. However, in horses, ulceration can occur more commonly.
While we do not know the actual weight of the current horse, just given the size measurements and breeds mentioned, the Percheron, who was originally prescribed a specific weight-based dose vs. the current smaller warm blood, should spark concern. He was likely overdosing the horse on the NSAID, increasing the risk of ulceration.
Anorexia or decreased appetite, lack of desire to run at a gallop, and lethargy are vague signs. They could suggest a lameness or other painful musculoskeletal issue or something systemic. The abnormal posturing and stretching suggest more closely and more likely abdominal disease. The patient doesn't appear to be rolling, kicking at himself, or showing other more severe signs consistent with colic. No diarrhea is described, and often GI parasites alone won't cause the other clinical signs.
Again, we are choosing the best answer given the history provided. We must consider NSAID toxicity or overdose and GI ulcerations first because it fits. We are triaging over the phone to give the owner information. A variety of endocrine diseases could be present and can manifest in many ways, including causing GI ulceration. But the key here is recognizing that the NSAIDs may be a problem and advising the owner to discontinue them and to have the horse evaluated at the clinic or via a farm visit as soon as possible.
NEW QUESTION # 749
What is the most commonly reached-for drug upon recognizing a patient in cardiac arrest?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Epinephrine, aka adrenaline, the fight-or-flight hormone, is the go-to resuscitation drug used to stimulate heart contractions. This drug is most commonly used as part of a multimodal approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It functions by acting on the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction. This causes constriction of both veins and arteries. Indications for use include asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
Vasopressin, when used in CPR, generally at high doses, causes smooth muscle-induced vasoconstriction in the periphery.
Lidocaine 2% may be needed during an arrest situation. As a class I antiarrhythmic drug, it is used to treat various conditions including sustained premature ventricular contractions and even ventricular tachycardia. However, if the patient has already arrested, the use of this drug isn't generally beneficial.
Finally, atropine, an anticholinergic and parasympatholytic drug, acts by blocking vagus nerve effects on the heart, on the heart's conduction system, and by accelerating electrical impulse transmission through the heart. Indications for use include bradyarrhythmias, cardiac arrest secondary to vagal mediation, and AV block.
NEW QUESTION # 750
In the absence of surgery or trauma, causes of pain can include all except which of the following diseases?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Certain diseases can be associated with significant levels of pain, such as cancer (especially bone tumors), pancreatitis, blood clots, infection, glaucoma, etc. Veterinary technicians often recognize physiological and behavioral signs of pain in animals and are their best advocates for care.
Estrus is not considered a painful process but, with cats especially, some animals can display behaviors that owners may confuse for pain.
NEW QUESTION # 751
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