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CIPS L4M5 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Negotiation planning and preparation- Preparation techniques
  • 1. BATNA and reservation points
    • 2. Information gathering and analysis
      • 3. Setting objectives and targets
        Negotiation strategies and tactics- Approaches to negotiation
        • 1. Tactical behaviours and influence techniques
          • 2. Collaborative and competitive strategies
            • 3. Concession strategies
              Power, ethics and communication in negotiation- Influencing factors
              • 1. Communication and interpersonal skills
                • 2. Sources of negotiation power
                  • 3. Ethical considerations in negotiation
                    Negotiation fundamentals- Principles of commercial negotiation
                    • 1. Types of negotiation (distributive vs integrative)
                      • 2. Definition and purpose of negotiation

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                        CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q131-Q136):

                        NEW QUESTION # 131
                        If a negotiation results in an offer which does not meet the buyer's minimum requirements, which of the following could the buyer pursue?

                        Answer: D

                        Explanation:
                        Best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) is the plan B or back-up plan in the event of a 'walk away'. In case of no deal, buyer (or supplier) may switch to this option.
                        The zone of potential agreement (ZOPA) is considered an area where two or more negotiating parties may find common ground. It is this area where parties will often compromise and strike a deal. In order for negotiating parties to find a settlement or reach an agreement, they must work towards a common goal and seek an area that incorporates at least some of each party's ideas.
                        STEEPLE offers an overview of various external fields. It is an acronym for Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal and Ethical.
                        PESTLE is a mnemonic which in its expanded form denotes P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T for Technological, L for Legal and E for Environmental. It gives a bird's eye view of the whole environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while contemplating on a certain idea
                        /plan.
                        LO 1, AC 1.2


                        NEW QUESTION # 132
                        There are no commitments in hypothetical questions. Is this statement true?

                        Answer: B

                        Explanation:
                        There are four types of questions that can be used in a commercial negotiation:
                        Hypothetical questions, where you ask about a possible situation or abstract concept, are very useful at the testing and proposal phases. Hypothetical question does not state any commitment as it is only about 'if something happens, then ...'. This type of question can be useful at giving suggestion.
                        Text Description automatically generated

                        LO 3, AC 3.3


                        NEW QUESTION # 133
                        Rose is a senior buyer from a skiing equipment retailer. Rose is concerned about the current ski boot shortage and the number of invoicing problems from a key supplier. She has decided to have a video conference with Victor, CEO of the supplier. Initially, she intends to threaten Victor with contract termination unless he can improve the situation. However, she is a little wary of doing this as the switching costs are high. Eventually, she decides to seek solutions by encouraging the other party to offer their views and ideas. Rose also prepares some ideas to discuss with Victor. Which of the following is the persuasion method that Rose intends to use in the forthcoming conference?

                        Answer: B

                        Explanation:
                        There are two major persuasion methods: 'push' and 'pull'.
                        Persuasion can be defined as encouraging someone to do something that you want them to do for you.
                        Persuasion is reasoning with someone so that they will believe or do something they might not otherwise do.
                        Persuasion can be considered as 'pushing' on TOP so that they can accept the change in attitude or behaviour as a result of your actions.
                        Influence is the ability to affect the manner of thinking of another. Influence can be considered as pulling on TOP so that you achieve the same result, but TOP feels they have changed their attitude or behaviour as a result of their reflection and thinking, and not your direct actions.
                        There are multiple variables to consider when choosing between 'push' and 'pull'. Professor Fiona Dent of Ashridge Business School proposes situations when each style might be most appropriate, breaking down push into 'directive' and 'reasoning' and 'pull' into 'collaborative' and 'visionary':
                        Table Description automatically generated

                        In the scenario, Rose intends to let both parties exchange their views and ideas so that solutions to current problems can be found. This is the typical characteristic of collaborative (pull) method.


                        NEW QUESTION # 134
                        Which of the following are effective approaches when procurement professionals negotiate with monopoly suppliers?
                        1. Delaying payment with monopoly suppliers as long as possible to increase bargaining power
                        2. Setting up stronger BATNA
                        3. Engaging in the negotiation with a distributive approach
                        4. Eliminating requirements in the specification that prioritises monopoly suppliers

                        Answer: C

                        Explanation:
                        :
                        In most commercial negotiations with monopolistic organisations, one can expect that in general they will have far greater bargaining power - you will need them more than they need you. There BATNA is stronger in the short run, but over time their power can be challenged effectively.
                        Ways of dealing with monopoly suppliers include the following:
                        Making yourself an attractive buyer
                        Seeking out alternatives / substitutes in a private or public manner
                        Designing out the requirement that forces you to go to the monopoly suppliers, or seek to make the product, or threaten to make it yourself if feasible Lobbying government or campaigning, as part of an industry or trade body, for a reduction in barriers to entry that support the monopoly


                        NEW QUESTION # 135
                        Stalemate is more likely to happen if both parties trade more variables in a commercial negotiation. Is this assumption true?

                        Answer: C

                        Explanation:
                        Negotiation variables such as price or contract length, etc are that can be traded with TOP in a negotiation.
                        The more variables you can identify, the better. The more variables you can identify and articulate, the lower the chances of the negotiation reaching deadlock as more possibilities are facilitated regarding more creative solutions.
                        Below are examples of negotiation tradeables in buying professional services:
                        LO 2, AC 2.3


                        NEW QUESTION # 136
                        ......

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