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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Security and File Permissions | 20% | - Basic Security Concepts - File Permissions and Ownership - User and Group Management |
| Topic 2: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source | 15% | - Applications and Support - Open Source Software and Licensing - Linux History and Philosophy - Linux Distributions |
| Topic 3: The Linux Operating System | 20% | - System Architecture - File Systems and Hierarchy Standard - Processes and Services - Hardware and Drivers |
| Topic 4: The Power of the Command Line | 25% | - Basic Shell Scripting - Archiving and Compression - I/O Redirection and Pipelines - Text Processing |
| Topic 5: Finding Your Way on a Linux System | 20% | - Creating, Moving and Deleting Files - Command Line Basics - Using Directories and Listing Files |
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NEW QUESTION # 19
A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct command to set the variable USERNAME to the value bob is USERNAME=bob. This command assigns the string bob to the variable name USERNAME, using the equal sign (=) as the assignment operator.
There is no space around the equal sign, and the variable name and value are case-sensitive. This command sets a shell variable, which is only valid in the current shell session. To make the variable an environment variable, which can be inherited by child processes and subshells, you need to use the export command, such as export USERNAME=bob. The other commands are not valid for setting variables in Linux. The set command is used to set orunset shell options and positional parameters, not variables. The $ sign is used to reference the value of a variable, not to assign it. The == sign is used for comparison, not assignment. The var keyword is not used in Linux, but in some other programming languages. The <= sign is used for redirection, not assignment. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to Set and List Environment Variables in Linux | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a forloop in a shell script?
for *.txt as file => echo $file
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 22
The file script.sh in the current directory contains the following content:
#!/bin/bash echo $MYVAR
The following commands are used to execute this script:
MYVAR=value
./script.sh
The result is an empty line instead of the content of the variable MYVAR. How should MYVAR be set in order to make script.sh display the content of MYVAR?
Answer: E
Explanation:
The reason why the script.sh does not display the content of the variable MYVAR is that the variable is not exported to the environment of the script. When a script is executed, it runs in a separate process that inherits the environment variables from the parent process, but not the shell variables. A shell variable is a variable that is defined and visible only in the current shell session, while an environment variable is a variable that is exported to the environment and visible to all processes that run in that environment1.
To make a shell variable an environment variable, we need to use the export command. The export command takes a shell variable name and adds it to the environment of the current shell and any subshells or processes that are created from it2. For example, to export the variable MYVAR with the value value, we can use:
export MYVAR=value
This will make the variable MYVAR available to the script.sh when it is executed, and the script will print the value of MYVAR as expected. Alternatively, we can also use the export command with the -n option to remove a variable from the environment, or with the -p option to list all the environment variables2.
The other options are not valid ways to set MYVAR as an environment variable. The !MYVAR=value option is not a valid syntax for setting a variable in bash. The env MYVAR=value option will run the env command with the MYVAR=value argument, which will print the environment variables with the addition of MYVAR=value, but it will not affect the current shell or the script.sh3. The MYVAR=value option will set MYVAR as a shell variable, but not as an environment variable, so it will not be visible to the script.sh1. The $MYVAR=value option will try to set the variable whose name is the value of MYVAR to the value value, which is not what we want4. Reference:
Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
env(1) - Linux manual page
Bash Variables - LinuxConfig.org
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following commands creates an archive filework.tarfrom the contents of the directory./ work/?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The tar command in Linux is used to create, extract, list, and manipulate archive files1. The -c option tells the command to create a new archive file. The -f option specifies the name of the archive file. The last argument is the name of the directory or file to be archived. Therefore, the command tar -cf work.tar ./work/ will create an archive file named work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/. The other options are either invalid or do not create the desired archive file. Option A uses an unrecognized option --new. Option C uses an incorrect option --content and an incorrect extension .tgz for a plain tar archive. Option D and E use an incorrect syntax for redirecting the input or output of the tar command. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16
* Tar Command in Linux (Create and Extract Archives) | Linuxize2
NEW QUESTION # 24
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