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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Job order and process costing - Contribution margin and break-even analysis - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis |
| Topic 2: Financial Statement Analysis | - Horizontal and vertical analysis - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes |
| Topic 3: Budgeting and Planning | - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) - Variance analysis - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) - Master budget components |
| Topic 4: Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Balanced Scorecard concepts - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Relevant costs for decision making - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) - Make-or-buy and special order decisions |
| Topic 5: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting - Understanding the accounting cycle - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) |
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NEW QUESTION # 29
A manufacturer produces three products A, B, and C.
The company uses the following information to determine activity rates for each pool.
Cost Pool
Costs
Total Activity
Pool 1
$300,000
20,000 hours
Pool 2
$20,000
500 pounds
Pool 3
$10,000
100 moves
Data concerning the three products appear in the following table.
Cost Driver
Product A
Product B
Product C
Number of hours
10,000
7,500
2,500
Number of pounds
150
250
100
Number of moves
20
40
50
What is the total amount of overhead applied to Product B?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. $126,500 . Under activity-based costing (ABC) , each cost pool gets its own activity rate, and then overhead is applied to the product based on that product's actual use of each activity. OpenStax and ACCA both describe ABC as assigning overhead through multiple activity pools and cost drivers rather than one broad rate.
First compute the rate for each pool:
Pool 1 rate = $300,000 / 20,000 hours = $15 per hour
Pool 2 rate = $20,000 / 500 pounds = $40 per pound
Pool 3 rate = $10,000 / 100 moves = $100 per move
Now apply those rates to Product B :
Hours: 7,500 × $15 = $112,500
Pounds: 250 × $40 = $10,000
Moves: 40 × $100 = $4,000
Total overhead for Product B = $112,500 + $10,000 + $4,000 = $126,500
Option C, $158,000 , is actually the overhead for Product A, which is a classic trap in this question. Because ABC assigns overhead based on each product's own activity consumption, Product B's correct total overhead is $126,500 .
NEW QUESTION # 30
A company has three product lines and has historically used the traditional costing system to allocate overhead costs to each product line. Due to significant differences in the production processes for the three product lines, the company implemented an activity-based costing study and identified the activity-based cost for each product, as shown in the following table.
Product A
Product B
Product C
Traditional cost per unit
$558
$1,375
$1,211
Activity-based cost per unit
$675
$1,585
$1,350
Selling price per unit
$650
$1,450
$1,300
What do these data points reveal about the selling price of this company's products?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. The selling price should increase for all three products . The key point of activity- based costing (ABC) is that it often gives a more accurate view of overhead consumption than traditional costing, especially when products differ significantly in production complexity. ABC is designed to provide more precise overhead assignment by using multiple cost drivers.
Compare each product's selling price with its activity-based cost per unit :
Product A: Selling price $650, ABC cost $675 # underpriced by $25
Product B: Selling price $1,450, ABC cost $1,585 # underpriced by $135
Product C: Selling price $1,300, ABC cost $1,350 # underpriced by $50
All three products have selling prices below their ABC-based unit costs. That means each product appears to be priced too low if the ABC study more accurately reflects the resources consumed. Therefore, each product' s selling price should be reconsidered upward.
This question illustrates why companies adopt ABC in the first place: traditional costing can hide cross- subsidization among products, while ABC can reveal that multiple product lines are actually less profitable than previously believed. Therefore, Option C is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which two procedures do external auditors use to gain confidence in the quality of a company's financial reporting processes?
Choose 2 answers.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and C . External auditors gather audit evidence by examining accounting records and supporting documents and by obtaining evidence directly from third parties . PCAOB standards describe confirmation as a procedure for obtaining audit evidence from a knowledgeable external source, and this is commonly used for items such as cash, receivables, and certain terms of transactions.
Examining records to support balances and transactions is another core audit procedure. Auditors inspect invoices, contracts, bank statements, reconciliations, journals, and other documentation to determine whether reported balances are supported and fairly stated. These procedures directly relate to the reliability of financial reporting. In contrast, customer satisfaction surveys, marketing analysis, and public-image polling may be useful for business strategy or branding, but they are not standard external audit procedures used to support financial statement assertions. Audit work focuses on relevant, reliable evidence tied to existence, completeness, valuation, rights and obligations, and presentation. Therefore, the two valid procedures are examining records and obtaining third-party confirmations , making A and C the correct answers.
NEW QUESTION # 32
A company has projected the following sales for the spring quarter of a year:
April = $300,000
May = $325,000
June = $375,000
Cash is used to pay for 65% of all sales. The remainder is on credit.
The pattern for credit receivables collections is as follows:
* Month of sale = 60%
* Month after sale = 30%
* Second month after sale = 10%
What are the projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. $650,000 . The question asks for projected cash sales for all three months of the spring quarter , not total cash collections including receivables from credit sales. Since 65% of all sales are cash sales , simply multiply total spring-quarter sales by 65%.
First, calculate total sales for April through June:
$300,000 + $325,000 + $375,000 = $1,000,000
Now calculate the cash-sales portion:
65% × $1,000,000 = $650,000
Therefore, the projected cash sales for the quarter are $650,000 .
The credit collection percentages are not needed for this specific question because it asks only about cash sales , not total cash receipts. Those credit collection percentages would matter if the question asked for cash collections by month or by quarter from both current and prior credit sales.
Because 65% of the quarter's $1,000,000 total sales are made in cash, the projected cash sales amount is
$650,000 , which makes Option D correct.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Last year, X Corporation had sales of $500,000 and total expenses of $300,000. A manager of the company is entitled to get a sales commission of 10% of net profit.
What amount of sales commission is to be recognized at year-end?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. $20,000 . First, calculate net profit before the commission:
Net profit = Sales - Total expenses = $500,000 - $300,000 = $200,000
The manager's commission is 10% of net profit , so:
Commission = 10% × $200,000 = $20,000
Therefore, the amount to recognize at year-end is $20,000 . Under accrual accounting, expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred, even if they have not yet been paid. Since the company earned the profit during the year and the manager became entitled to the commission based on that profit, the commission expense should be recorded at year-end in the same reporting period. This follows the matching concept, which aligns expenses with the revenues they helped generate.
Option B is incorrect because it represents 10% of sales, not net profit. Option C and Option D do not match the 10% commission calculation based on the stated profit amount. Since the problem clearly says the commission is based on net profit , the correct recognized amount is $20,000 , making Option A correct.
Accounting texts describe net profit as revenues minus expenses.
NEW QUESTION # 34
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