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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Incident Response and Management | 24% | - Incident Investigation
|
| Topic 2: Reporting and Communication | 16% | - Reporting
|
| Topic 3: Security Operations | 34% | - Security Operations and Architecture
|
| Topic 4: Vulnerability Management | 26% | - Vulnerability Assessment
|
>> CS0-004 100% Correct Answers <<
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NEW QUESTION # 132
A security analyst is handling vulnerability management tasks and reviewing the following output from Recon-ng's Shodan-IP module:
Which of the following are the greatest vulnerabilities? (Choose two.)
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
The output reveals sensitive systems such as a domain controller, VPN server, HR database, and payroll server. Exposing these systems to the WAN increases the attack surface and makes critical infrastructure directly discoverable by external attackers.
The systems are also located within the same subnet range (177.511.10.x), indicating that critical data and sensitive services are concentrated on the same network segment. This can facilitate lateral movement and increase the impact of a compromise.
NEW QUESTION # 133
Which of the following best explains why sensitive data should be encrypted at rest on laptops?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Encryption at rest primarily protects the confidentiality of stored information when an unauthorized party obtains physical or logical access to the storage medium. This is particularly important for laptops because portable devices can be lost or stolen, giving an attacker possession of the disk outside the organization's normal network and endpoint protections.
NIST guidance on storage encryption specifically addresses laptops and other end-user devices and explains that storage encryption combines encryption and authentication to restrict unauthorized access to stored information. NIST further notes that threats involving lost or stolen end-user devices can expose information to unauthorized parties.
Encryption does not inherently prevent an authenticated and authorized user from copying information while the system is unlocked; data loss prevention controls are more directly suited to that objective. Regulatory requirements may mandate encryption in some environments, but compliance is an external requirement rather than the fundamental security reason encryption at rest exists. Option D confuses confidentiality with integrity and network protection. Encryption of data stored on a laptop is not primarily intended to validate whether network data has been modified.
The examination concept is the CIA triad: encryption primarily supports confidentiality , especially when physical possession of the storage device is lost.
Study Guide Reference: Security Operations # Data Protection # Encryption at Rest # Full-Disk Encryption
# Confidentiality # Lost/Stolen Endpoint Protection.
NEW QUESTION # 134
Which of the following will inhibit remediation when attempting to resolve a vulnerability?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Legacy systems commonly inhibit vulnerability remediation because they may depend on obsolete operating systems, unsupported applications, specialized hardware, outdated protocols, or vendor products for which security updates are no longer provided. Even when a vulnerability is accurately identified, the organization may be unable to apply a modern patch without breaking compatibility, interrupting a critical business process, or violating vendor support requirements.
NIST guidance explicitly recognizes that legacy systems create unique security-management challenges, while federal cybersecurity guidance warns that products remaining in service after vendor support ends may lack effective mechanisms for addressing newly discovered vulnerabilities.
In such circumstances, vulnerability-management teams may need to use compensating controls such as segmentation, firewall restrictions, application allowlisting, stronger access controls, enhanced monitoring, or service isolation while planning migration or replacement. These controls reduce exposure but do not remove the underlying software defect.
"Controlled systems," "shared systems," and "closed systems" do not inherently prevent remediation. A shared system may require greater coordination, but it can still be fully supported and patchable. The defining issue with legacy technology is that technical and vendor constraints can directly prevent normal remediation .
Study Guide Reference: Vulnerability Management # Remediation Constraints # Legacy Systems # End-of- Life Technology # Patch Availability # Compensating Controls # System Replacement.
NEW QUESTION # 135
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is notified of an ongoing incident. Which of the following explains why the CISO instructs the Chief Executive Officer not to discuss the incident over email?
Answer: C
Explanation:
During an active incident, attackers may be monitoring a compromised email system. Incident communications should therefore use a secure, out-of-band channel.
NEW QUESTION # 136
A security analyst uses a full pcap solution to extract all traffic from the last two days associated with the
10.213.4.27 file server.
This file server is under investigation due to concerns about potential data exfiltration using Domain Name System (DNS) traffic.
Which of the following commands should the analyst use to extract any potentially leaked data from the suspicious.pcap file?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Option D applies the correct packet-filtering logic to isolate DNS-related traffic associated with the suspected server . The -r suspicious.pcap option directs tcpdump to read packets from the existing PCAP rather than capture live traffic. The expression port 53 and host 10.213.4.27 then limits output to packets involving the specified system and DNS's conventional port 53.
This is directly relevant to suspected DNS exfiltration. Attackers can encode data within DNS queries or responses, including unusually long subdomains or other manipulated DNS fields. Isolating the target's port
53 traffic dramatically reduces the dataset and allows the analyst to examine relevant queries and responses for encoded or anomalous information.
strings suspicious.pcap | grep treats the capture primarily as raw printable data and does not accurately perform protocol-aware packet filtering. The Zeek option searches file.log, which is focused on files observed in network traffic and is not the most direct location for DNS-query analysis. The Snort syntax shown is also inappropriate for the required extraction workflow.
The essential skill is translating an investigative hypothesis- possible DNS exfiltration by a known host - into a precise PCAP filter.
Study Guide Reference: Security Operations # Network Traffic Analysis # Full Packet Capture # tcpdump # BPF Filters # DNS Analysis # Data Exfiltration Detection.
NEW QUESTION # 137
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