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| Certification Vendor: | CertiProf |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Ethical Hacking Professional Certification Exam |
| Exam Number: | CEHPC |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Available Languages: | Spanish, English |
| Related Certifications: | Cybersecurity Foundation Professional Certification |
| Exam Price: | USD $250.00 |
| Exam Duration: | 60 minutes |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice |
| Passing Score: | 80% (32/40) |
| Real Exam Qty: | 40 |
| Recommended Training: | CertiProf Official Training Resources |
| Exam Registration: | CertiProf Official Registration |
| Sample Questions: | CertiProf CEHPC Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam |
| Pre Condition: | No mandatory prerequisites; recommended for IT professionals, cybersecurity analysts, system administrators and security consultants |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://certiprof.com/products/ethical-hacking-professional-certification-cehpc |
Itexamdump 의 CertiProf인증 CEHPC덤프는 PDF버전과 소프트웨어버전 두가지 버전으로 되어있는데 소프트웨어버전은 시뮬레이션버전입니다. 소프트웨어버전의 문제를 푸는 과정은 시험현장을 연상케하여 시험환경에 먼저 적응하여 실제시험에서 높은 점수를 받도록 도와드릴수 있습니다.
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질문 # 39
What is Masquerading?
정답：B
설명：
Masquerading is a sophisticated attack vector that consists of an unauthorized user or process impersonating the identity of a legitimate user, system, or service within a computer environment. In the context of cybersecurity, the goal of masquerading is to bypass authentication controls and gain access to restricted resources or information by appearing as a trusted entity. This is often a critical step in the "Gaining Access" phase of a cyberattack, as it allows the attacker to operate under the radar of traditional security logging.
There are several ways masquerading can manifest:
* User Impersonation: An attacker uses stolen credentials (usernames and passwords) to log into a system as a legitimate employee.
* IP Spoofing: An attacker crafts network packets with a forged source IP address to make it appear as though the traffic is coming from a trusted internal machine.
* Email Spoofing: An attacker sends an email that appears to come from a known, trusted source (like an executive or a bank) to trick the recipient into performing an action, such as revealing a password.
Managing and mitigating the threat of masquerading requires robust "Identity and Access Management" (IAM) controls. The most effective defense is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Even if an attacker successfully masquerades as a user by stealing their password, the MFA requirement provides a second layer of verification that is much harder to forge. Additionally, organizations can use "Behavioral Analytics" to detect anomalies; for example, if a user who typically logs in from London suddenly logs in from a different continent, the system can flag it as a potential masquerading attempt. By understanding that masquerading relies on the manipulation of trust and identity, ethical hackers can help organizations implement "Zero Trust" architectures, where every request is verified regardless of where it appears to originate.
질문 # 40
What is privilege escalation?
정답：C
설명：
Privilege escalation is a critical concept in ethical hacking and penetration testing that refers to a situation where a user or processgains higher-level permissions than originally authorized. This makes option A the correct answer.
Privilege escalation commonly occurs after an attacker or ethical hacker gains initial access to a system with limited privileges. The next objective is often to escalate those privileges to gain administrative or root-level access. This can be achieved through misconfigurations, vulnerable software, weak file permissions, kernel exploits, or improper access control mechanisms.
Option B is incorrect because formally requesting permissions from an administrator is a legitimate administrative process, not privilege escalation. Option C is incorrect because privilege escalation does not involve requesting permissions; it involves exploiting weaknesses to obtain them without authorization.
In penetration testing, privilege escalation is typically tested during thepost-exploitation phase. Ethical hackers use it to demonstrate the potential impact of a breach, such as full system compromise, access to sensitive data, or lateral movement within a network.
Understanding privilege escalation is essential for improving defensive security. By identifying and mitigating escalation paths, organizations can enforce the principle of least privilege, strengthen access controls, and reduce the impact of successful attacks. Ethical testing of privilege escalation ultimately helps organizations harden systems against real-world threats.
질문 # 41
Can an FTP protocol be breached?
정답：A
설명：
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is one of the oldest and most widely used protocols for moving files across a network. However, from a security standpoint, standard FTP is inherently vulnerable because it was designed without security in mind. It transmits all data, including sensitive login credentials (usernames and passwords), in "cleartext". This means that anyone with the ability to "sniff" or intercept the network traffic- using tools like Wireshark-can easily read the credentials as they pass through the network.
A breach of the FTP protocol is highly possible using appropriate techniques such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, brute-forcing, or exploiting specific vulnerabilities in the FTP server software itself. Because FTP does not use encryption, it provides a massive attack vector for hackers to steal data or gain a foothold in an organization's internal systems. While asking an administrator (Option C) is a form of social engineering, the technical breach refers to the exploitation of the protocol's inherent weaknesses.
To mitigate this attack vector, ethical hacking strategies strongly advocate for the replacement of standard FTP with secure alternatives like SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) or FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS). These protocols encrypt both the credentials and the data being transferred, rendering intercepted information unreadable. In a professional penetration test, checking for open FTP ports and attempting to sniff traffic or use default credentials are standard procedures to demonstrate the risk of using legacy, unencrypted protocols in a modern network environment.
질문 # 42
What is a WAF?
정답：A
설명：
A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a specialized information security control designed to protect web applications by filtering, monitoring, and blocking HTTP/HTTPS traffic to and from a web service. Unlike a traditional network firewall that filters traffic based on IP addresses and ports, a WAF operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model). It inspects the actual content of the web traffic to identify and neutralize sophisticated application-level attacks such as SQL Injection (SQLi), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and File Inclusion.
A WAF acts as a "reverse proxy," sitting in front of the web application server and acting as an intermediary.
It uses a set of rules (often based on the OWASP Top 10) to determine which traffic is legitimate and which is malicious. For example, if a user submits a search query containing suspicious SQL commands, the WAF will recognize the pattern and drop the request before it ever reaches the database, thereby protecting the server from compromise.
In the context of ethical hacking, a WAF is a formidable defense that testers must learn to navigate. During a penetration test, a WAF may block automated scanning tools, forcing the tester to use manual, stealthy techniques to identify vulnerabilities. For organizations, implementing a WAF is a critical "defense-in-depth" strategy. Even if a web application has an underlying code vulnerability, the WAF can provide a "virtual patch" by blocking the exploit attempt at the network edge. This allows developers time to fix the code without leaving the application exposed. Mastering WAF configuration and bypass techniques is essential for security professionals who aim to protect modern, web-centric business environments.
질문 # 43
What is a Stored Cross-Site Scripting Attack (Stored XSS)?
정답：C
설명：
Persistent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), also known as Stored XSS, is one of the most dangerous forms of web application vulnerabilities. It occurs when a web application receives data from a user and stores it permanently in its backend database or filesystem without proper sanitization or encoding. Common vectors for persistent XSS include comment sections, user profiles, message boards, and "Contact Us" forms. Unlike Reflected XSS, where the payload is included in a specific URL and only affects the user who clicks that link, a persistent XSS payload is served automatically to every user who visits the affected page.
When an attacker successfully injects a malicious script (typically JavaScript), the server "remembers" this script. Every time a legitimate user requests the page where the data is displayed, the server includes the malicious code in the HTML response. The user's browser, trusting the source, executes the script. This can lead to devastating consequences, such as session hijacking through the theft of session cookies, account takeover, or the redirection of users to malicious websites. From an ethical hacking perspective, identifying persistent XSS involves testing all input fields that result in data being displayed later. Mitigation strategies focus on the principle of "filter input, escape output." Input should be validated against a strict whitelist of allowed characters, and any data rendered in the browser must be context-aware encoded (e.g., converting < to <) to prevent the browser from interpreting the data as executable code. Because the payload is stored on the server, this vulnerability represents a significant risk to the entire user base of an organization, making it a high-priority finding in any security assessment.
질문 # 44
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