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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Patient Preparation | - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation - Specimen labeling procedures |
| Special Collections | - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Pediatric and geriatric considerations - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) |
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Quality assurance procedures - Common errors and rejection criteria - Specimen transport and storage |
| Routine Blood Collections | - Venipuncture procedures - Equipment selection and use - Order of draw |
| Safety and Compliance | - OSHA regulations and patient safety - Infection control and standard precautions - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
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NEW QUESTION # 121
A phlebotomist receives a specimen without a patient identifier on the tube. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist expect?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The laboratory should reject an unlabeled specimen. A specimen without patient identification cannot be reliably linked to the correct patient, even if a requisition is nearby or a provider verbally confirms the order. Labeling a tube later from the requisition is unsafe because it breaks the chain between patient, collection event, and specimen. Testing based only on an order number does not meet safe identification practice. Verbal confirmation after the fact cannot correct an unlabeled specimen because the tube's identity was not secured at the bedside or collection site. Proper labeling should occur immediately after collection in the presence of the patient, using required identifiers such as full name, date of birth, medical record number, date/time of collection, and collector identity according to facility policy. Mislabeling and unlabeled specimens are serious preanalytical errors that can cause wrong diagnosis, wrong treatment, transfusion risk, and patient harm. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen labeling; patient identification; rejection criteria; preanalytical error.
NEW QUESTION # 122
A phlebotomist is collecting a blood culture from a 6-month-old infant who has no known allergies. Which of the following disinfectants should the phlebotomist use?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Chlorhexidine gluconate is the best answer for blood culture skin antisepsis in this 6-month-old infant with no known allergies. Blood cultures require stricter skin disinfection than routine venipuncture because contamination can produce false-positive culture results, unnecessary antibiotics, repeat testing, and delayed diagnosis. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate is not a skin disinfectant; it is an anticoagulant/additive used in blood culture media to support organism recovery. Sodium hypochlorite is a bleach-type disinfectant used for environmental decontamination, not patient skin preparation for venipuncture. Hydrogen peroxide is not the standard blood culture skin antiseptic. Chlorhexidine is widely used for effective skin antisepsis, and CDC guidance recognizes chlorhexidine-containing agents in healthcare infection-control contexts when age, skin maturity, and clinical risk are considered. For collection technique, the phlebotomist should cleanse the site properly, allow the antiseptic to dry, avoid repalpating unless sterile technique is used, collect adequate volume, and label/document accurately. Reference topics: Special Collections; blood culture collection; pediatric skin preparation; contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which of the following is the correct method for cleaning a small blood spill?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A small blood spill should be cleaned using an approved disinfectant according to facility policy. Blood is treated as potentially infectious, so spill response requires gloves, appropriate PPE, containment, removal of visible material, disinfection with correct contact time, and proper disposal of contaminated materials. Dry gauze alone does not disinfect the surface and can spread contamination. Air freshener has no disinfection role. Covering the spill and leaving it to dry is unsafe because dried blood may still represent a contamination hazard and creates exposure risk for staff and patients. The specific disinfectant may vary by facility, but it must be appropriate for bloodborne pathogens and used as directed. The phlebotomist must also avoid direct hand contact, dispose of materials in designated biohazard waste when required, and perform hand hygiene after glove removal. This question tests standard precautions, environmental safety, and infection-control discipline. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; blood spill cleanup; disinfectants; standard precautions; biohazard waste.
NEW QUESTION # 124
A phlebotomist asks a patient to state their full name and date of birth. Which of the following patient safety practices is the phlebotomist performing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The phlebotomist is performing two-identifier verification. Correct patient identification requires using at least two approved identifiers, commonly full name and date of birth or medical record number. The patient should actively state the identifiers when able, rather than merely confirming information read aloud by the phlebotomist. This reduces the risk of wrong-patient collection and specimen mislabeling. Chain of custody is used for legal specimens such as forensic drug or alcohol testing and involves documenting specimen control from collection through testing. Therapeutic communication describes respectful, effective interaction with the patient but is not the specific safety practice being tested. Quality control calibration applies to instruments or testing systems, not patient identification. Patient identification is one of the most important steps in phlebotomy because every later step depends on it. A properly collected specimen is clinically useless and dangerous if it belongs to the wrong patient. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; patient identification; two identifiers; specimen labeling; patient safety.
NEW QUESTION # 125
A phlebotomist discovers that they obtained a specimen in an expired additive tube. Which of the following actions should the technician take?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The specimen must be redrawn in an unexpired tube. Expired additive tubes cannot be trusted because the vacuum, sterility, additive concentration, stopper integrity, and chemical performance may be compromised. Once blood has been collected into an expired additive tube, the specimen is already affected by that collection environment; transferring it into another tube does not correct the original exposure and can introduce additional hemolysis, contamination, clotting, or additive-ratio errors. Placing the specimen on ice does not reverse an expired additive problem. Submitting the specimen because the tube is "within 30 days" of expiration is unsafe; expired means expired, and laboratory acceptance criteria are based on valid collection supplies. This is a preventable preanalytical error, and the phlebotomist should also remove expired supplies from use to prevent recurrence. Tube expiration checks must occur before collection, not after the draw. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; preanalytical error; expired supplies; specimen rejection; tube quality control; recollection procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 126
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