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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Cloud Bearer Network | 8% | - Cloud service bearer requirements - DC interconnect technologies - Cloud interconnection architecture |
| VPN Technologies | 15% | - EVPN and VXLAN - VPN deployment and troubleshooting - MPLS L3VPN |
| High Reliability | 8% | - Fault detection and recovery - Fast protection switching - Network redundancy mechanisms |
| Automatic O&M | 2% | - Monitoring and analysis - Fault management |
| IP Mobile Backhaul | 10% | - 5G/4G backhaul architecture - Synchronization and timing - Service isolation and QoS |
| Network Orchestration & Automation | 2% | - SDN and controller architecture - iMaster NCE overview |
| Advanced Routing Protocols | 15% | - BGP and MP-BGP - OSPF advanced features - IS-IS advanced features - Route control and fast convergence |
| Tunnel Technologies | 15% | - SR-MPLS and SRv6 - TE and traffic engineering - MPLS fundamentals |
| Multicast Protocols | 6% | - PIM-SM/SSM - Multicast QoS - MSDP and anycast RP |
| Backbone Network Planning | 8% | - Capacity and traffic planning - Scalability design - Architecture design |
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NEW QUESTION # 16
OSPF NSR is implemented by synchronizing protocol running data from the active main control board to the standby main control board in real time. Which of the following data can be synchronized from the active main control board to the standby main control board in real time?
Select all that apply.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei OSPF Non-Stop Routing protects protocol continuity during active/standby control-board switchover by synchronizing essential routing-process source state. The active main control board backs up OSPF configuration and dynamic link-state data, including LSDB contents, to its standby counterpart. Derived data structures such as SPF trees and route-calculation outputs can be reconstructed from that source state. This question focuses on OSPF-specific protocol-state synchronization rather than all system-level forwarding- state replication. Accordingly configuration data and LSDB are the relevant selections, C and D.
Technical Deep Dive:
C and D are correct. An active router control board handles OSPF Hello and LSA processing, adjacency state, LSDB maintenance and SPF computation. Its standby board requires sufficient synchronized information to continue OSPF operation after switchover without forcing neighbors through a complete adjacency reset.
Configuration describes process, interface, area and protocol parameters; the LSDB describes the topology.
The shortest-path tree is computed by running SPF on LSDB contents, and routing-table entries are derived from routing decisions. These derived structures can be recomputed rather than synchronized as the OSPF NSR source-state categories asked about. NSR differs from Graceful Restart, which typically relies on neighboring routers' helper behavior. Meanwhile forwarding line cards continue using installed FIB entries where the platform supports uninterrupted forwarding. System-level NSR may protect broader forwarding state, but that does not change the two OSPF protocol-data answers.
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NEW QUESTION # 17
iFIT is an in-band flow-measurement technology that delivers highly precise performance measurements based on real traffic. Which functions can it provide when used with telemetry, a second-level data-collection technology, and NCE, an integrated management and control platform?
Select all that apply.
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Exact Extract - Huawei Training Material (Automatic SDN Network O & M, p.52):
"iFIT is a performance detection method for in-service traffic detection. It provides high-precision real-time traffic detection and works with the Telemetry second-level data collection to implement real-time visualization of network quality, proactive monitoring, and quick fault demarcation and locating." Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei's Automatic SDN O & M module characterizes iFIT as in-service flow performance detection using high-precision real-traffic measurement and second-level telemetry. It specifically lists real-time visualization of network quality, proactive monitoring, and quick fault demarcation and location. iFIT-enabled forwarding hardware identifies measured flows, counts packets and records time information to calculate delay and loss.
iMaster NCE-IP correlates these records across network nodes to present service-level performance and identify the faulty section. Network redundancy protection is a separate function associated with protection mechanisms rather than measurement. Accordingly B, C and D are correct.
Technical Deep Dive:
B, C and D are correct. iFIT works on real production flows rather than relying entirely on synthetic probing, which may not follow the same forwarding path as customer traffic. Ingress and downstream measurement points record packet counts and timestamps. Comparing samples across hops supports fault demarcation, while telemetry sends near-real-time records to iMaster NCE-IP for SLA visualization and proactive abnormality detection. Packet-loss rate is calculated as (Tx-Rx)/Tx, using corresponding observation windows and matched flows. Supported forwarding NP/ASIC functions implement flow identification and statistical operations at high throughput. The controller can use observed packet loss, delay or jitter to inform tunnel optimization or self-healing workflows. But iFIT itself does not provide the alternate link, replicated forwarding state or local FRR operation necessary for redundancy. Mechanisms such as TI-LFA, VPN FRR or hot standby provide protection; iFIT supplies the visibility required to detect and localize degradation.
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following statements regarding EVPN on a 5G transport network is incorrect?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei EVPN L3VPN advertises IPv4/IPv6 customer prefixes using EVPN IP Prefix routes, while VPN- instance routing contexts maintain the reachability needed for customer forwarding. The command `advertise l2vpn evpn` enables the applicable VPN-instance routes to be advertised through EVPN. Route import and local VPN-instance visibility may involve EVPN and VPNv4-related display contexts depending on the device and release. The answer key identifies A as incorrect because it imposes an absolute restriction that EVPN L3VPN routes appear only in the EVPN table. Note that EVPN Type 5 NLRI and VPNv4 NLRI are distinct BGP address families, so the exact global-table display assertion requires careful release-specific interpretation.
Technical Deep Dive:
A is the intended incorrect choice, with technical qualification. EVPN Type 5 IP Prefix routes distribute customer subnets for L3VPN services over EVPN transport. They can be imported into a local VPN routing context, where forwarding routes are programmed for the service. Huawei commands include `display bgp evpn all routing-table`, `display bgp vpnv4 all routing-table`, `display bgp vpnv4 vpn-instance vpn1 routing- table`, and `display ip routing-table vpn-instance vpn1`. These inspect different address-family and VPN- instance views. The intended curriculum item rejects the unconditional claim that EVPN L3VPN routing information exists only in one EVPN table. Nevertheless, EVPN Type 5 advertisements do not automatically turn into VPNv4 NLRI in every global BGP table; output depends on actual import and advertisement configuration. Option C contains a common typing confusion: the command is `advertise l2vpn evpn` with lowercase letter L, not the digits '12'. Option D's feature view is also product-release dependent. Publish a release qualification for this item.
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NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding SRv6 protection technologies?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei SRv6 TE Policies contain candidate paths and segment lists whose validity depends on reachability of their mandatory SIDs. Headend fault detection can mark a segment list Down when an essential SID becomes unreachable or disappears from the relevant topology. There is no general rule that more than two SIDs must fail before a segment list is invalidated. Protection may use another valid segment list, candidate path, or VPN- level alternate route. The threshold claim in C is therefore incorrect. The other options describe intended TI- LFA and service-PE protection functions with the deployment constraints applicable to explicit SRv6 paths.
Technical Deep Dive:
C is incorrect because a mandatory SID disappearing from the topology can invalidate a segment list regardless of whether other SIDs remain reachable. SRv6 TE Policy selects candidate paths containing ordered segment lists; the headend must ensure the required path instructions remain viable. It may switch to another candidate or segment list when one becomes invalid. TI-LFA supplies precomputed local protection for eligible link or node failures but cannot always bypass a failed explicitly required segment while still honoring the specified TE path. SRv6 BE and SRv6 TE Policy may both use local protection subject to endpoint and path constraints. In an L3VPN, VPN FRR or egress protection can also protect service reachability against PE failure. The key distinction is local repair versus headend path validity. The specific deletion and invalidation behavior should follow the product release's headend fault-detection implementation rather than an arbitrary count of missing SIDs.
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NEW QUESTION # 20
Which statement below is incorrect regarding SRv6 networks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei SRv6 implementations support reduced encapsulation in which the active SID is placed in the outer IPv6 destination address. When only one SID is required and no additional SRH metadata must be carried, an SRH can be omitted. The SRH is normally used when several ordered segments must be represented or processing requires its additional fields. RFC 8986 explicitly permits reduced SRH encapsulation for applicable cases. Thus D is incorrect because it claims that the SRH is compulsory even for a single-SID path.
Technical Deep Dive:
D is incorrect. SRv6 represents an ordered list of SIDs using the outer IPv6 destination and, when needed, a Segment Routing Header containing the remaining segment list. When a packet needs only one service SID, the SID can be placed directly in the IPv6 destination address, removing unnecessary extension-header bytes.
This is especially useful in SRv6 Best Effort service transport such as an IPv4 VPN using an End.DT4 egress SID. The ingress encapsulates the original packet, transit routers use IPv6 routing toward the locator, and the egress PE executes the SID behavior and VPN-table lookup. Manually configured versus dynamically allocated End.DT4 SIDs follow platform precedence rules; End SIDs must be unique within the relevant SID addressing domain. C states a Huawei-specific interface restriction and should not be treated as a generic IETF limitation on all SRv6 platforms. Reduced encapsulation improves efficiency but does not mean SRv6 VPN transport always has zero encapsulation overhead.
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NEW QUESTION # 21
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