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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Carrier IP Network Architecture | 10% | - Carrier Network Evolution
|
| Topic 2: IPv6 Technologies | 8% | - IPv6 Deployment
|
| Topic 3: MPLS and Segment Routing | 20% | - Carrier Transport Technologies
|
| Topic 4: BGP Advanced Technologies | 20% | - Carrier-Grade BGP
|
| Topic 5: Network Automation and SDN | 5% | - Automation Technologies
|
| Topic 6: Network Operation and Maintenance | 5% | - Monitoring and Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 7: IGP Advanced Technologies | 15% | - OSPF and IS-IS Advanced Features
|
| Topic 8: Network Reliability and Protection | 7% | - High Availability Design
|
| Topic 9: Network Service Technologies | 10% | - Carrier Services
|
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NEW QUESTION # 40
A device receives two BGP routes for the same prefix from two peers, with one route received from each peer. One route has next hop NH1, whereas the other has next hop NH2. All other attributes of the two routes are identical. NH1 recursively resolves to two direct next hops, A and B, and NH2 likewise recursively resolves to two direct next hops, C and D. If BGP is configured with the maximum load-balancing 2 command and the device supports at most six load-balancing routes, how many load-balancing routes for the relevant prefix are present in the FIB?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei's BGP multipath architecture distinguishes the number of BGP routes selected from the number of directly reachable FIB next hops produced by route recursion. The maximum load-balancing parameter controls the number of eligible equal-cost BGP paths. Each selected BGP next-hop address may recursively resolve through multiple equal-cost direct next hops. In this scenario two BGP paths are selected and each resolves through two direct forwarding alternatives. The total of four FIB next hops remains within the stated platform maximum of six. Therefore the correct answer is four.
Technical Deep Dive:
A is correct. `maximum load-balancing 2` permits two equivalent BGP paths for one destination, which here have BGP next hops NH1 and NH2. Route recursion then considers the IGP or directly connected paths that make each BGP next hop reachable. NH1 resolves to direct next hops A and B, while NH2 resolves to C and D: The installed FIB next-hop group therefore contains A, B, C and D, four choices in total. The device's six- path upper limit is a cap rather than a requirement to synthesize six routes. On Huawei carrier routers, the BGP control plane selects and resolves paths; forwarding NP/ASIC logic performs ECMP selection among the installed direct next hops. Useful diagnostic commands include `display bgp routing-table`, `display ip routing-table`, and `display fib`. The distinction between BGP multipath selection and physical recursive next- hop expansion is the key to the question.
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NEW QUESTION # 41
In BGP EVPN, which of the following route types is used to advertise external routes?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei BGP EVPN defines route types to distribute distinct categories of Ethernet VPN reachability. Type 1 identifies Ethernet Auto-Discovery information, Type 2 MAC/IP bindings, Type 3 inclusive multicast information, and Type 4 Ethernet Segment information. Type 5 is the IP Prefix route and advertises IPv4/IPv6 prefixes, including external routes imported from another protocol or routing domain. RFC 9136 standardizes EVPN IP Prefix Advertisement route type 5. Therefore the correct selection for external IP-prefix reachability is B.
Technical Deep Dive:
B is correct. EVPN is an MP-BGP control plane capable of supporting Layer 2 bridging and Layer 3 service distribution over an MPLS or VXLAN transport. A remote subnet or imported external prefix does not require advertising every individual destination MAC address. Instead a Type 5 IP Prefix Advertisement announces the network prefix, attributes and associated next-hop information. A receiving PE imports it according to route-target policy, resolves the EVPN next hop and installs the forwarding entry in the correct tenant or VPN table. Type 2 MAC/IP routes mainly represent host address bindings, Type 3 supports BUM transport setup, Type 1 supports Ethernet Auto-Discovery and Type 4 Ethernet Segment information. Thus the presence of five offered route types does not make the question multi-answer: Type 5 alone is the IP-prefix route. VRP verification can use `display bgp evpn all routing-table` and the relevant VPN-instance route display.
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NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following SIDs encapsulates the outer destination address for BIERv6 multicast packets?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei BIERv6 encapsulates a Bit Index Explicit Replication forwarding header in IPv6 and defines an End.
BIER SID for Bit-Forwarding Router processing. The outer IPv6 destination address contains the End.BIER SID of the next BIERv6 forwarding router. On receipt, the local node processes the BIERv6 header and BitString, consults its BIFT, and determines the required downstream replicas. An End.DT6 service SID or End.DX6 cross-connect SID implements a different SRv6 endpoint behavior. End.BIER is therefore the correct choice.
Technical Deep Dive:
D is correct. BIERv6 enables efficient multicast transport without maintaining conventional per-flow (S,G) state on every transit node. The packet carries a BitString identifying destination BFRs and an outer IPv6 address identifying the next-hop BIER-aware forwarding behavior. Each BFR receives the packet addressed to its End.BIER SID, reads the BitString, looks up forwarding choices in the Bit Index Forwarding Table, and creates the packet copies necessary for different downstream branches. The next hop's End.BIER SID is installed in the outgoing outer IPv6 destination. End.DT6 is associated with decapsulation into an IPv6 routing table; End.DX6 sends a decapsulated packet toward a specific IPv6 adjacency. Neither provides the BIERv6 replication function. On capable carrier hardware, BitString processing and replica creation can be performed in forwarding silicon.
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NEW QUESTION # 43
In the network shown, RT4 and RT5 function as ASBRs and import IS-IS routes into OSPF. Only OSPF is used for interworking between RT4 and RT5. The link costs are shown in the figure. The key configurations of RT4 and RT5 are as follows:
Exhibit 36.1 - Original topology/configuration figure
Exhibit 36.2 - Original topology/configuration figure
Answer: C
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei OSPF External Type 2 route selection considers the external metric first; when E2 metrics are equal, internal cost toward the advertising ASBR serves as an additional comparison. RT4 and RT5 import the IS-IS destination as OSPF Type 2 external routes with the explicitly configured external metric of 10. The illustrated OSPF paths to RT4 and RT5 have equal internal cost from RT1. Therefore RT1 installs two equal- cost forwarding paths to 6.6.6.6. The differing IS-IS link costs to RT6 do not override the imported OSPF Type 2 metric. Thus B is correct.
Technical Deep Dive:
B is correct. RT4 and RT5 are ASBRs because they inject routes learned in IS-IS into OSPF. Both use
`import-route isis 1 cost 10 type 2`. As a result the advertised E2 cost for 6.6.6.6 is 10 from either ASBR. RT1 can reach RT4 through RT2 and RT5 through RT3, and the illustrated internal OSPF costs for those alternatives are equal. The two paths therefore qualify for ECMP, unlike a single preferred next hop. The original IS-IS costs (20 on the RT4 side and 10 on RT5) are internal to the source routing domain; they are not the metric used after the explicit E2 import cost is assigned. Huawei commands `display ospf routing`,
`display ospf lsdb ase` and `display ip routing-table 6.6.6.6` help confirm the route type and next hops. ASIC forwarding can distribute traffic across installed ECMP entries.
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NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following statements is incorrect about address planning for an IP core network?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei's backbone routing design emphasizes aggregate reachability, consistent address blocks, and controlled routing-table size. Route aggregation advertises a summary prefix instead of numerous more- specific prefixes and benefits from hierarchical, consecutive address allocation. Capacity reservations at each network layer prevent disruptive renumbering as access and backbone infrastructure grows. Choosing private IPv4 addresses for interconnections solely to conserve address space can create overlaps and complications when carrier domains are interconnected. This supports C as the intended incorrect recommendation, while recognizing that private addressing can still be legitimate in a properly isolated routing domain.
Technical Deep Dive:
C is the intended incorrect statement. Carrier backbone addressing must enable unique infrastructure identification, predictable expansion, route summarization, and efficient troubleshooting. Reserving address blocks for planned growth supports new links, loopbacks and router additions (A). Consecutive assignments within regional and hierarchical address blocks support maintenance and aggregate advertisements (B).
Aggregation reduces protocol processing and the number of forwarding entries when summarization boundaries are properly positioned (D). Private RFC 1918 addresses are not categorically forbidden on internal point-to-point links; they can be appropriate when the operator controls the entire routing domain.
However, overlaps and external interconnection requirements complicate indiscriminate use, so conserving public addresses alone is not a sufficient planning rule. Engineers should validate address allocations with
`display ip interface brief`, `display ip routing-table`, and `display ip routing-table statistics`. On forwarding hardware, aggregation can reduce FIB consumption but must not hide needed individual reachability.
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NEW QUESTION # 45
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