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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Vault Fundamentals | - Core Concepts (Secrets, Tokens, Policies) - Vault Architecture Overview |
| Authentication & Authorization | - Auth Methods (AppRole, LDAP, Token, etc.) - Policies and Access Control |
| Secrets Management | - Secret Rotation and Revocation - KV Secrets Engine - Dynamic Secrets and Leasing |
| Security and Operational Use Cases | - Encryption as a Service - Audit Devices and Logging |
| Vault Configuration & Operations | - Vault Initialization and Unsealing - Storage Backends and Configuration |
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질문 # 258
Select the two default policies created in Vault. (Select two)
정답：A,F
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Vault creates two default policies upon initialization: root and default . The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: " Vault creates two default policies, root and default. The root policy cannot be deleted or modified.
The default policy is attached to all tokens, by default, however, this action can be modified if needed. " The root policy grants unrestricted access for administrative tasks, while the default policy provides basic permissions for all tokens unless overridden.
Policies like user , admin , base , and vault are not default; they must be explicitly created by users if needed. Thus, A (root) and D (default) are the correct selections.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Policies: Built-in Policies
질문 # 259
Based on the output below, how many policies have been added to Vault?
$ vault policy list
base
default
root
web-app-1
automation-team
정답：A
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The vault policy list command displays all policies in Vault. The output lists five policies: "base","default",
"root", "web-app-1", and "automation-team". However, "root" and "default" are built-in policies:
* Built-in Policies:
* "root": A superuser policy created by default.
* "default": Provides common permissions, also default. "Vault has two default policies, root and default."
* Added Policies:
* "base", "web-app-1", "automation-team" are not built-in, meaning they were added. Thus,3 policieswere added.
* Incorrect Options:
* B. 4: Overcounts by including one built-in.
* C. 1, D. 2: Undercounts the added policies.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#built-in-policies
질문 # 260
Beyond encryption and decryption of data, which of the following is not a function of the Transit secrets engine?
정답：B
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The Transit secrets engine focuses on cryptographic operations, not storage. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "The transit secrets engine handles cryptographic functions on data in-transit. Vault doesn't store the data sent to the secrets engine. It can also be viewed as 'cryptography as a service' or
'encryption as a service'. The transit secrets engine can also sign and verify data; generate hashes and HMACs of data; and act as a source of random bytes." It emphasizes: "Vault does not store the data sent to the secrets engine," makingstore the encrypted data (C) incorrect.Generate hashes/HMACs (A),sign/verify (B), andrandom bytes (D)are all supported functions.
Thus, C is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit Secrets Engine
질문 # 261
Based on the following output, what command can Steve use to determine if the KV store is configured for versioning?
text
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$ vault secrets list
Path Type Accessor Description
---- ---- -------- -----------
automation/ kv kv_56f991b9 Automation team for CI/CD
cloud/ kv kv_4426c541 Cloud team for static secrets
cubbyhole/ cubbyhole cubbyhole_9bd538e per-token priv secret storage
data_team/ kv kv_96d57692 Data warehouse KV for certs
identity/ identity identity_0042595e identity store
network/ kv kv_3e53aaab Network team secret storage
secret/ kv kv_d66e2adc key/value secret storage
sys/ system system_d6f218a9 system endpoints
정답：B
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To determine if a KV store is configured for versioning (i.e., KV v1 or v2), Steve needs detailed information about the secrets engines. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "To list all enabled secrets engines with detailed output, use the command vault secrets list -detailed. This will provide additional information about each secrets engine, including the version of the KV secrets engines." The -detailed flag reveals configuration details, such as the options field indicating version=2 for KV v2, which supports versioning.
vault secrets list -allis not a valid command.vault kv get automationretrieves a specific secret, not engine configuration.vault kv listlists keys in a path, not engine details. Thus, C is correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Secrets Engines(Note: Specific command details are from CLI help and tutorials)
질문 # 262
Given the following policy, which command below would not result in a permission denied error (select two)?
path "secret/*" { capabilities = ["create", "update"] allowed_parameters = { "student" = ["steve", "frank",
"jamie", "susan", "gerry", "damien"] } }
path "secret/apps/*" { capabilities = ["read"] }
path "secret/apps/results" { capabilities = ["deny"] }
정답：C,D
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Denied by secret/apps/results deny policy. Incorrect.
* B:secret/apps/app01 only allows read, not create. Incorrect.
* C:secret/common/results allows create with student=frank (allowed value). Correct.
* D:secret/apps/api_key allows read. Correct.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"deny overrides any allow... allowed_parameters restricts values."
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/policies#parameter-constraints
질문 # 263
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