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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Competency 3: Economic Decision-Making by Firms and Customers | - Consumer Behavior (Budget Constraint, Indifference Curves) - Firm Behavior Under Different Market Structures (Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly) |
| Topic 2: Key Topics Across All Competencies | - Currency Appreciation and Depreciation - Elastic vs. Inelastic Goods - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Impacts - Supply and Demand Shifts - Global Business Strategies and Porter's Framework - International Trade Policies (Tariffs, Quotas) |
| Topic 3: Competency 1: International Trade and Currency Exchange | - Impact of Interest Rates on Financial Flows and Exchange Rates - Introduction to International Trade Theories - Currency Exchange Rate Determination |
| Topic 4: Competency 2: Political and Economic Forces | - Market Economy vs. Command Economy - Property Rights and the Rule of Law |
>> Global-Economics-for-Managers試験関連情報 <<
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質問 # 23
In which situation is the dodger strategy appropriate for responding to multinational enterprises (MNEs)?
正解：D
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, thedodger strategyis appropriate whenindustry pressure to globalize is low and a firm's competitive assets are customized to its home market, making option D correct.
Under this strategy, firms avoid direct confrontation with multinational enterprises by focusing on niche markets, specialized products, or protected domestic segments. Since globalization pressure is weak, firms are not forced to expand internationally, and their localized assets give them an advantage at home.
Dodgers may also cooperate selectively with MNEs or operate in areas where global competition is limited.
This strategy minimizes risk and preserves firm-specific advantages without costly global expansion.
Options A and B align with extender strategies. Option C aligns with contender strategies.
Thus, option D correctly identifies when the dodger strategy is appropriate.
質問 # 24
Which changes increase demand? (Choose TWO.)
正解：A、B
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, demand for a good increases when factors other than its own price change in a favorable direction. Two such changes arean increase in the price of a substituteanda decrease in the price of a complement, making options A and B correct.
When the price of asubstituterises, consumers switch toward the relatively cheaper alternative, increasing demand for the good in question. For example, if the price of coffee increases, demand for tea may rise.
When the price of acomplementfalls, consumers are more likely to purchase both goods together, increasing demand. For instance, a decrease in the price of printers raises demand for printer ink.
Options C and D reduce demand rather than increase it.
Thus, A and B correctly identify changes that increase demand.
質問 # 25
What is opportunity cost?
正解：D
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,opportunity costis defined asthe lost potential from pursuing one activity at the expense of another, given the available alternatives, making option B correct. Opportunity cost reflects the value of the next best alternative that is foregone when a decision is made.
This concept is central to economic decision making because resources-such as time, capital, and labor-are scarce. Choosing one option necessarily means giving up another. Opportunity cost includes both monetary and non-monetary factors and applies to individuals, firms, and governments alike.
For firms, opportunity cost may involve using capital for one investment rather than another. For consumers, it may involve spending money on one good instead of saving it or purchasing a different good. Managers must account for opportunity costs to make efficient and rational decisions.
Option A refers only to explicit costs, which are incomplete. Options C and D describe different cost and benefit concepts.
Thus, option B correctly defines opportunity cost.
質問 # 26
What is one of the two major exchange rate policies?
正解：B
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, one of the two major exchange rate policies is thefloating rate system, making option B the correct answer. Exchange rate policy determines how a country manages the value of its currency relative to others, which has significant implications for trade, investment, and macroeconomic stability.
Under a floating exchange rate system, currency values are determined bymarket forces of supply and demandin foreign exchange markets. Factors such as interest rates, inflation expectations, trade balances, and capital flows influence exchange rate movements. Governments and central banks do not commit to maintaining a specific exchange rate level, although they may occasionally intervene to reduce excessive volatility.
The alternative major policy is afixed (or pegged) exchange rate system, where the government commits to maintaining the currency at a specific value relative to another currency or basket of currencies. Option A, fiscal rate, refers to government taxation and spending policy. Option C, matched rate, is not a recognized exchange rate regime. Option D, discount rate, is a monetary policy tool used by central banks, not an exchange rate policy.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that floating exchange rates provide greater monetary policy independence but introduce exchange rate uncertainty, which managers must manage through hedging and pricing strategies. Therefore, option B correctly identifies a major exchange rate policy.
質問 # 27
In which mode of entry do companies build new factories and offices from scratch?
正解：A
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,greenfield operationsrefer to a mode of foreign market entry in which companiesbuild new factories and offices from scratch, making option D the correct answer. This approach represents the most direct and investment-intensive form of foreign direct investment.
Greenfield operations allow firms complete control over design, technology, management practices, and corporate culture. By starting from the ground up, companies can implement global standards, protect proprietary technologies, and tailor operations to strategic objectives. This mode of entry is commonly used when firms seek long-term presence in a foreign market and when suitable acquisition targets are unavailable.
Option A, co-marketing operations, involves collaborative marketing efforts rather than production investment. Option B, direct exports, requires no foreign production facilities. Option C, joint ventures, involve shared ownership and management rather than full control.
Global Economics for Managersnotes that while greenfield investments offer high control and potential efficiency, they also involve high costs, longer setup times, and greater exposure to political and economic risks. Managers must weigh these trade-offs carefully when choosing an entry mode.
Thus, option D correctly identifies the mode of entry in which firms build new facilities from scratch.
質問 # 28
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