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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements - Managing procurement and supply risks |
| Topic 2: Demand management and value for money | - Balancing cost, quality, and risk - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership - Demand analysis and forecasting |
| Topic 3: Understanding and defining business needs | - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs |
| Topic 4: Specification development | - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition |
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NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following are potential advantages of using a product performance specification?
* It reduces the need for the buyer to produce a detailed design
* It can widen the potential supply base
* The buyer can specify the product's actual design in detail
* Products are provided using the buyer's methodology
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
* 1 (Reduces design need): Performance specifications focus on outcomes rather than detailed designs, saving buyer resources.
* 2 (Wider supply base): Allowing suppliers to propose their own solutions can attract a broader range of suppliers.Options 3 and 4 align with conformance specifications, not performance-based ones.
Reference: CIPS Level 4, Specification Writing.
NEW QUESTION # 87
Which of the following factors would mean a buyer had high bargaining power in a competitive market?
Select TWO that apply.
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 88
Synergy Ltd is a fast-growing tool and hardware retailer. The company's customer services team has been using Excel worksheets to manage customer relationships. When the company is expend-ing its market presence, this way of working leads to poorer customer services as the database is scattered around in spreadsheet, leading to patchy and inconsistent conversations with customers. The company decides to purchase a CRM system. What requirement should Synergy's procurement team take into account in the specification for CRM system?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The purpose of this question is to test the student's ability to identify the problems and translate those problems to actionable requirements before communicating with the suppliers. The scenario suggests that Synergy Ltd's customer services team is using Excel spreadsheets, they lack a centralised customer database.
This leads to problems in communications with customers.
A CRM system can solve the communication problem. But a question arises: If a CRM system is employed, how will the previous data be imported? If the CRM system can support bulk import from Excel tables, it will save a lot of time.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 10-18
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 89
Which of these have a negative effect on cash flow?
* A supplier reduces its payment terms
* The bank grants a loan to the company
* A customer agrees to pay upon purchase
* An increase in the amount of stock held
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 90
An automotive manufacturer is sourcing rubber components from Company A.
The specification given to the supplier state that the component should be 1 meter long, without mentioning the tolerance. Enthusiast with the opportunity, engineers at Company A work hard to cut the components with tolerance at only +/- 1mm. The head and tail of the component is then joined together to form a circular band. After that it is stretched over another component. To fit this purpose, the rubber component can be at any length from 80cm to 110cm. This is an example of...?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This questions is intended to ask students about types of waste in Lean principles.
Lean was born out of manufacturing practices but in recent time has transformed the world of knowledge work and management. It encourages the practice of continuous improvement and is based on the fundamental idea of respect for people. Womack and Jones defined the five principles of Lean manufacturing in their book "The Machine That Changed the World". The five principles are considered a recipe for improving workplace efficiency and include: 1) defining value, 2) mapping the value stream, 3) creating flow, 4) using a pull system, and 5) pursuing perfection.
Lean principles aim to eliminate waste in processes. The eight wastes of Lean principles are:
- Defects
- Over-production
- Waiting
- Not using talent
- Transport and handling
- Inventory
- Motion waste
- Excess processing
In the scenario, the component is processed more than necessary. The engineers try to make them as accurate as possible with very little tolerance. In fact, the component does not need to be that precise. This excesses buyer's requirements and incurs costs for both buyer and supplier. The scenario is an example of over processing (or excess processing).
Overprocessing is one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing (or 7 mudas); Overprocessing is adding more value to a product than the customer actually requires such as painting areas that will never be seen or be exposed to corrosion.
Overprocessing as one of the seven wastes is caused by having unclear standards and specifications, many operators will try to do the best job possible and will not always be aware of what truly adds value to the product or even the end use. They will therefore often expend time polishing and finishing components that do not require it.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 153-156
- Waste of Overprocessing; causes, costs, examples solutions, symptoms (leanmanufactur-ingtools.org) LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 91
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