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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Understand and use CoreDNS - Understand connectivity between Pods - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Define and enforce Network Policies |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand Static Pods - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Understand resource limits and requests - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand DaemonSets - Understand how scheduler works |
| Storage | 10% | - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Troubleshoot networking - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Troubleshoot cluster component failure - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Troubleshoot application failure - Understand how to monitor applications |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane |
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NEW QUESTION # 73
Create a Kubernetes secret as follows:
* Name: super-secret
* password: bob
Create a pod named pod-secrets-via-file, using the redis Image, which mounts a secret named super-secret at
/secrets.
Create a second pod named pod-secrets-via-env, using the redis Image, which exports password as CONFIDENTIAL.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 74
Create a Pod nginx and specify a CPU request and a CPU limit of 0.5 and 1 respectively.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 75 
Task
Create a new HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA ) named apache-server in the autoscale namespace. This HPA must target the existing Deployment called apache-server in the autoscale namespace.
Set the HPA to aim for 50% CPU usage per Pod . Configure it to have at least 1 Pod and no more than 4 Pods
. Also, set the downscale stabilization window to 30 seconds.
Answer:
Explanation:
Task Summary
* Create an HPA named apache-server in the autoscale namespace.
* Target an existing deployment also named apache-server.
* CPU target: 50%
* Pod range: min 1, max 4
* Downscale stabilization window: 30 seconds
Step-by-Step Answer
# Step 1: Connect to the correct host
This is critical, as shown in the warning image.
ssh cka000050
# Skipping this may result in zero for this question!
# Step 2: Verify the deployment exists
kubectl get deployment apache-server -n autoscale
Make sure it's there before creating the HPA. If it's missing, the HPA won't bind correctly.
## Step 3: Create the HPA
We will use the kubectl autoscale command for a quick setup, then patch it to add the stabilization window (since kubectl autoscale doesn't include it).
kubectl autoscale deployment apache-server \
--namespace autoscale \
--cpu-percent=50 \
--min=1 \
--max=4
# Step 4: Add the downscale stabilization window
You'll need to patch the HPA to include the stabilization window of 30s.
Create a patch file called hpa-patch.yaml:
spec:
behavior:
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 30
Apply the patch:
bash
CopyEdit
kubectl patch hpa apache-server \
-n autoscale \
--patch "$(cat hpa-patch.yaml)"
# Step 5: Confirm your work
bash
CopyEdit
kubectl describe hpa apache-server -n autoscale
Look for:
* Min/Max Pods: 1/4
* Target CPU utilization: 50%
* Stabilization window: should appear under Behavior > ScaleDown
ssh cka000050
kubectl get deployment apache-server -n autoscale
kubectl autoscale deployment apache-server \
--namespace autoscale \
--cpu-percent=50 \
--min=1 \
--max=4
# Patch to add stabilization window
cat <<EOF > hpa-patch.yaml
spec:
behavior:
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 30
EOF
kubectl patch hpa apache-server -n autoscale --patch "$(cat hpa-patch.yaml)"
NEW QUESTION # 76
Create and configure the service front-end-service so it's accessible through NodePort and routes to the existing pod named front-end.
Answer:
Explanation:
solution
NEW QUESTION # 77
You are managing a Kubernetes cluster with several namespaces. You need to restrict access to the 'production' namespace, ensuring only authorized users can access resources within that namespace. Create a Role and RoleBinding that allows users in the 'developers' group to access pods and deployments within the 'production' namespace.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
Step 1: Create a Role
Create a Role named 'production-access' with the following permissions:
Step 2: Create a RoleBinding Create a RoleBinding named production-developers' that binds the 'production-access' role to the 'developers' group:
Step 3: Verify Verify the role and rolebinding have been created correctly: kubectl get role - -namespace=production kubectl get rolebinding - -namespace=production
NEW QUESTION # 78
......
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