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問題 #247
The procedures of an organisation require that all purchase orders have to be signed by the Purchasing Manager, or, in her absence, by the Production Manager. During an audit carried out in November 2020, an auditor determined that during three weeks in February 2020, the purchase orders were not signed. You raise a nonconformance under Clause 8.4.3 of ISO 9001:2015.
Which one of the following answers would you accept as a 'correction' from the Purchasing Manager?
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
# Correct Option D - "I will sign all the purchase orders now."
This response represents an immediate correction in accordance with ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.4.3 - Information for external providers, which requires control over procurement documentation. The absence of required authorisation (signature) is a nonconformity in executing the organization's purchasing procedure.
Clause 8.4.3 specifically mandates that the organization:
"Shall communicate to external providers its requirements for:
a) the processes, products and services to be provided;
b) the approval of:
* products and services;
* methods, processes, and equipment;
* the release of products and services."
The purchase order process includes documented approval, which in this case was defined internally as a signature by the Purchasing or Production Manager. Signing the documents retroactively, while not ideal, is a correction to bring the documentation back into compliance and resolve the immediate issue.
# Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A. "No correction needed": Dismissing the nonconformity based on product performance fails to address the lack of documented control, violating Clause 8.4.3 and internal procedures.
* B. "I will ask the Production Manager to sign them now": This option shows intention but lacks immediacy and ownership. Also, backdating signatures without traceability can be ethically questionable.
* C. "I do not accept the nonconformity": This reflects noncompliance and a poor quality culture, contradicting ISO 9001's Clause 5.1.1 (Leadership commitment).
References:
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 8.4.3 - Information for external providers
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 5.1.1 - Leadership and commitment
ISO 9001:2015 Clause 10.2.1 - Correction vs. corrective action
問題 #248
XYZ Corporation employs 100 people, and during a Stage 1 certification audit, certain issues are identified with the Quality Management System (QMS). Which two options describe the circumstances in which you could raise a nonconformity against Clause 6.2 of ISO 9001:2015?
答案：E,F
解題說明：
Understanding Clause 6.2 of ISO 9001:2015:Clause 6.2 (Quality Objectives and Planning to Achieve Them) specifies that organizations must:
Establish measurable and relevant quality objectives consistent with the quality policy (Clause 6.2.1).
Include objectives applicable to product/service conformity and customer satisfaction.
Document these objectives and their planning as documented information (Clause 6.2.1 & 6.2.2).
Plan how to achieve the objectives, including defining actions, resources, responsibilities, timelines, and methods for evaluation.
Analysis of Options:
A). Quality objectives are not being implemented by the organisation ' s personnel:Incorrect. While implementation is critical, this relates more to operational aspects rather than the direct requirements of Clause 6.2. Implementation issues would typically raise concerns under Clause 9.1 (Performance Evaluation).
B). The consultant has not interpreted ISO 9001 correctly:Incorrect. The consultant ' s interpretation of ISO
9001 is irrelevant in terms of Clause 6.2 compliance. The focus is on whether the organization aligns with the requirements, not the consultant ' s role.
C). Establishing quality objectives did not include top management:Incorrect. While top management involvement is vital for QMS effectiveness (Clause 5.1), this is not a direct requirement of Clause 6.2. Top management alignment is implied but not explicitly mandated for establishing quality objectives.
D). Quality objectives were not established in alignment with the organisation ' s quality policy:Correct.
Clause 6.2.1 requires that quality objectives be consistent with the organization's quality policy, ensuring they reflect its purpose, strategic direction, and commitment to continual improvement. Misalignment would constitute a nonconformity.
E). The organisation cannot afford to undertake quality objectives all at once:Incorrect. Financial constraints are not directly addressed in Clause 6.2. The clause focuses on planning to achieve objectives, which includes defining the necessary resources but does not demand achieving all objectives simultaneously.
F). Quality objectives are not maintained as documented information:Correct. Clause 6.2.1 specifically requires that quality objectives be maintained as documented information. Failure to document the objectives is a direct violation of this clause.
Why Options D and F Are Correct:
D: Misalignment between the quality objectives and the quality policy directly violates Clause 6.2.1, which mandates that objectives support the strategic direction of the organization.
F: Lack of documentation for quality objectives breaches the requirement to maintain them as documented information under Clause 6.2.1.
Relevant References:
Clause 6.2.1: Establishing quality objectives aligned with the quality policy.
Clause 6.2.2: Maintaining documented information for quality objectives and planning to achieve them.
Clause 5.1.1: Top management ' s responsibility to ensure alignment between the QMS and strategic direction.
問題 #249
Which of the following three options could be considered potential threats to impartiality in an audit context?
答案：B,D,E
解題說明：
Potential threats to impartiality in an audit context include familiarity (having a close relationship with the auditee), intimidation (being coerced or feeling pressured), and self-audit (auditing one's own work). These factors can compromise the auditor's objectivity and the audit's integrity. References: = The information is based on the ISO 9001 Auditing Practices Group documents which discuss threats to auditor impartiality and how they may compromise an auditor's objectivity123.
問題 #250
A Health Trust has contracted with Servitup, a catering services organisation which has been certified to ISO
9001 for 1 year. It provides services to ten, small rural
hospitals in remote locations involving purchase and storage of dry goods and fresh produce, preparing meals and loading heated trolleys for ward service by hospital staff. An auditor is conducting the first sole surveillance audit at one site with the Deputy Catering Manager (DCM).
At the closing meeting attended solely by the DCM, the auditor informs him that he has found numerous gaps in the QMS processes which lead him to consider recommending suspension of the organisation's certification. He is particularly concerned with the evidence that patient health is being adversely affected by produce stored beyond its safe consumption date, poor kitchen hygiene and undercooked meals. The DCM says that he cannot make any decisions about these issues in the absence of the Catering Manager due to illness but will write everything down and report to the Catering Manager.
Which two actions should you take in the context of the audit?
答案：A,C
解題說明：
The actions that should be taken in the context of the audit are:
*Option B: Call the individual(s) managing the audit programme to explain the situation and recommend immediate suspension of certification to protect the integrity of the Certification Body. This option is correct because the auditor has found serious and significant gaps in the QMS processes that affect the health and safety of the patients, which is a major nonconformity that may warrant suspension of certification. The auditor should inform the individual(s) managing the audit programme of the situation and the audit findings, and recommend immediate suspension of certification to protect the integrity of the Certification Body and the credibility of the certification scheme. The auditor should also follow the Certification Body's procedures and rules for suspension of certification and communicate the decision and the consequences to the auditee.
*Option C: Continue with the meeting, present the audit conclusions and inform the DCM that the organisation will receive the audit report in due course. This option is correct because the auditor should not terminate or postpone the closing meeting due to the absence of the Catering Manager, as the DCM is the auditee's nominated representative for the audit. The auditor should continue with the meeting, present the audit conclusions and the audit findings, and inform the DCM that the organisation will receive the audit report in due course. The auditor should also explain the audit outcome recommendation and the suspension of certification, and request the DCM to acknowledge the receipt and understanding of the audit results.
The following options are not correct:
*Option A: Close the meeting immediately after the DCM's response and advise that the issues will be addressed at the next surveillance visit. This option is not correct because the auditor should not close the meeting without presenting the audit conclusions and the audit findings, as this would violate the audit principles of fairness and transparency. The auditor should also not advise that the issues will be addressed at the next surveillance visit, as this would imply that the auditor is accepting the auditee's delay and inaction, and that the auditor is not taking the major nonconformity seriously.
*Option D: Conclude the meeting early and advise that it will be rescheduled once the Catering Manager has returned to work. This option is not correct because the auditor should not conclude the meeting early or reschedule it due to the absence of the Catering Manager, as this would disrupt the audit process and the audit schedule. The auditor should also not wait for the Catering Manager to return to work, as this would delay the communication and resolution of the major nonconformity, and potentially compromise the health and safety of the patients.
*Option E: Recommend that all personnel should be given urgent in-depth training in the QMS. This option is not correct because the auditor should not recommend or prescribe specific corrective actions to the auditee, as this would violate the audit principles of independence and objectivity. The auditor should only report the audit findings and the audit outcome recommendation, and leave the responsibility and authority for determining and implementing the corrective actions to the auditee.
*Option F: Thank the DCM for his time and express an expectation that improvements will be made in the QMS. This option is not correct because the auditor should not thank the DCM for his time and express an expectation that improvements will be made in the QMS, as this would imply that the auditor is satisfied and optimistic with the auditee's performance and response, and that the auditor is not taking the major nonconformity seriously. The auditor should instead express the concern and dissatisfaction with the auditee's QMS processes and the impact on the health and safety of the patients, and communicate the suspension of certification and the need for urgent and effective corrective actions.
References:
*ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems, Clause 6.4.2: Conducting audit activities, Subclause k) and l)
*ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Course Material, Module 5: Conducting an Audit, Slide 20: Closing Meeting
*ISO 9001 Lead Auditor Training Course - IRCA Certified, Section 5.5: Closing Meeting
*Lead Auditor Exam Preparation Guide (EPG) Template - PECB, Section 3.2: Exam Content Outline, Subsection 3.2.1: Section 1 - Audit Fundamentals, Subsection 3.2.2: Section 2 - Audit Principles, Subsection
3.2.3: Section 3 - Audit Process, Subsection 3.2.4: Section 4 - Audit Competencies
問題 #251
Scenario 5: Mechanical-Electro (ME) Audit Stages
Mechanical-Electro, better known as ME, is an American company that provides mechanical and electrical services in China. Their services range from air-conditioning systems, ventilation systems, plumbing, to installation of electrical equipment in automobile plants, electronic manufacturing facilities, and food processing plants.
Due to the fierce competition from local Chinese companies and failing to meet customer requirements, ME ' s revenue dropped significantly. In addition, customers ' trust and confidence in the company decreased, and the reputation of the company was damaged.
In light of these developments, the top management of ME decided to implement a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001. After having an effective QMS in place for over a year, they applied for a certification audit.
A team of four auditors was appointed for the audit, including Li Na as the audit team leader. Initially, the audit team conducted a general review of ME ' s documents, including the quality policy, operational procedures, inventory lists, QMS scope, process documentation, training records, and previous audit reports.
Li Na stated that this would allow the team to maintain a systematic and structured approach to gathering documents for all audit stages. While reviewing the documented information, the team observed some minor issues but did not identify any major nonconformities. Therefore, Li Na claimed that it was not necessary to prepare a report or conduct a meeting with ME ' s representatives at that stage of the audit. She stated that all areas of concern would be discussed in the next phase of the audit.
Following the on-site activities and the opening meeting with ME ' s top management, the audit team structured an audit test plan to verify whether ME's QMS conformed to Clause 8.2.1 (Customer Communication) of ISO 9001.
To do so, they gathered information through group interviews and sampling. Li Na conducted interviews with departmental managers in the first group and then with top management. In addition, she chose a sampling method that sufficiently represented customer complaints from both areas of ME ' s operations.
The team members were responsible for the sampling procedure. They selected a sample size of 4 out of 45 customer complaints received weekly for electrical services and 2 out of 10 complaints for mechanical services.
Afterward, the audit team evaluated the evidence against the audit criteria and generated the audit findings.
After reviewing the documented information, Li Na claimed that it was not necessary to report the minor nonconformities that were identified; instead, they would be discussed in the next audit phase. Is this acceptable?
答案：C
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
As per ISO 9001:2015, Clause 10.2 (Nonconformity and Corrective Action), all identified nonconformities, including minor ones, must be documented and communicated to the auditee.
Minor nonconformities can lead to major issues if left unaddressed. The auditor must inform the organization before moving to the next audit phase so that corrective actions can be taken. Clause 9.2.2 (Internal Audit) states that audit findings should be reported without undue delay.
Since Li Na did not report the minor nonconformities immediately, her decision was incorrect. Minor nonconformities should always be documented and communicated before proceeding to the next phase.
Reference:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 9.2.2 (Internal Audit Reporting)
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 10.2 (Nonconformity and Corrective Action)
問題 #252
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