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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Audit Lifecycle and Competencies of the Lead Auditor | 25% | - Audit communication strategies - Managing audit relationships with audited parties - Leading an audit team - Audit follow-up and corrective action verification - Conflict resolution during audits |
| Topic 2: Certification and Accreditation Framework | 15% | - ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements for certification bodies - Certification decision process - Surveillance and re-certification audits - Principles of certification bodies - Audit report preparation and documentation |
| Topic 3: Audit Principles and Audit Process | 20% | - Audit types and stages ( initiation, planning, execution, reporting) - Audit evidence collection techniques - Risk-based audit approach - Audit scope and objectives - Audit sampling methodology |
| Topic 4: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and the ISO/IEC 27001 Standard | 15% | - Overview of ISO/IEC 27001 and its relationship with ISO/IEC 27002 - Fundamental principles and concepts of information security - Regulatory and legal considerations in information security |
| Topic 5: ISMS Audit Based on ISO 19011 and ISO/IEC 17021-1 | 25% | - Auditing the context of the organization - Auditing leadership commitment - Auditing organizational structure and roles - Continual improvement processes - Auditing risk assessment and treatment processes - Auditing control selection and implementation (Annex A) - Measuring, monitoring, and reporting ISMS performance |
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NEW QUESTION # 190
問題
審計人員在進行基於判斷的抽樣時應該考慮哪些因素？
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is Previous audit experience within the audit scope, because judgement-based sampling relies heavily on the auditor's professional judgment, knowledge, and experience. ISO 19011:2018 explicitly states that auditors may use judgmental (non-statistical) sampling when selecting audit samples, particularly when dealing with complex systems or limited audit time.
When applying judgement-based sampling, auditors consider factors such as areas with a history of nonconformities, previous audit findings, recurring weaknesses, and known high-risk processes. Prior audit experience within the same scope provides valuable insight into where problems are more likely to occur and where audit effort should be concentrated. This helps auditors select representative and meaningful samples that support reliable conclusions.
Option A is incorrect because monitoring activities prior to ISMS implementation may provide background context, but they are not a primary basis for judgement-based sampling in a certification audit. Option C is incorrect because the auditee's general experience with management systems does not directly inform which specific records, processes, or controls should be sampled.
Judgement-based sampling is not random; it is risk-informed and experience-driven. Therefore, leveraging previous audit experience within the audit scope is the most appropriate and standards-aligned consideration.
NEW QUESTION # 191
下列關於審計報告的四項敘述是正確的？
Answer: B,D,E,G
Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the audit reports should be produced by the audit team leader with input from the audit team, as they are responsible for collecting and analysing the audit evidence1. The audit reports should also include or refer to the audit plan, as it provides the basis for the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and methodology2. Furthermore, the audit reports should be produced within an agreed timescale, as it is part of the audit programme management and ensures timely communication of the audit results3. Additionally, the audit reports should always be reviewed by the client, dated, and signed as 'accepted', as it confirms the audit completion and the formal agreement on the audit findings and conclusions4.
The other statements are false because:
* Audit reports should not be sent to the organisation's top management first because their contents could be embarrassing, as this would compromise the audit impartiality and confidentiality5. Audit reports should be distributed according to the audit programme procedures and the audit plan.
* Audit reports should not be assumed suitable for general circulation unless they are specifically marked confidential, as this would violate the audit confidentiality and the protection of personal information.
Audit reports should be treated as confidential documents and only shared with the authorised parties.
* Audit reports should not only evidence nonconformity, as this would limit the audit scope and value.
Audit reports should also evidence conformity, improvement opportunities, good practices, and audit observations.
* Audit reports that are no longer required should not be destroyed as part of the organisation's general waste, as this would pose a risk to the audit confidentiality and the information security. Audit reports should be retained, disposed, or destroyed according to the audit programme procedures and the applicable legal requirements.
1: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 32, section 4.4.32: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 33, section 4.4.43: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO
/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 31, section 4.4.14: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 34, section 4.4.55: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, section 4.3.1. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 33, section 4.4.4. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, section 4.3.1. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 33, section 4.4.4. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 32, section 4.4.3. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page
33, section 4.4.4. : PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, section 4.3.1. :
PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 34, section 4.4.5.
NEW QUESTION # 192
場景 6：Cyber ACrypt 是一家網路安全公司，透過提供反惡意軟體和設備安全、資產生命週期管理和設備加密來提供端點保護。為了根據 ISO/IEC 27001 驗證其 ISMS 並證明其對網路安全卓越的承諾，該公司經歷了由指定審計團隊負責人 John 領導的細緻的審計過程。
在接受審計任務後，John 立即組織了一次會議，概述了審計計劃和團隊角色。他們審查了 Cyber ACrypt 的文檔信息，包括資訊安全政策和操作程序，確保每一份文件都符合標準並具有標準化的格式，包括作者標識、生產日期、版本號和批准日期。這次徹底的檢查旨在確定持續改進和遵守 ISMS 要求。該文件對於審計團隊和 Cyber ACrypt 了解初步審計結果和需要關注的領域至關重要。
審計組也決定對主要相關方進行訪談。這項決定的目的是收集可靠的審計證據來驗證管理系統是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求。與 Cyber ACrypt 各個層級的相關方進行接觸為審計團隊提供了寶貴的觀點以及對 ISMS 的實施和有效性的理解。
第一階段審計報告揭露了值得關注的關鍵領域。適用性聲明 (SoA) 和 ISMS 政策在多個方面存在缺陷，包括風險評估不足、存取控制不充分以及缺乏定期政策審查。這促使 Cyber ACrypt 立即採取行動來解決這些缺陷。他們對戰略文件的快速回應和修改體現出了對實現合規的堅定承諾。
為了彌補審計團隊的網路安全知識差距而引入的技術專長在識別風險評估方法中的缺陷和審查網路架構方面發揮了關鍵作用。這包括評估防火牆、入侵偵測和預防系統以及其他網路安全措施，以及評估 Cyber ACrypt 如何偵測、回應和恢復外部和內部威脅。在約翰的監督下，技術專家將審計結果傳達給了 Cyber ACrypt 的代表。然而，審計小組發現，由於收取了被審計單位的諮詢費，該專家的客觀性可能受到影響。考慮到技術專家在審核過程中的行為，審核組長決定與認證機構討論這個問題。
根據上述情景，回答以下問題：
根據情境6，審計團隊負責人針對技術專家的行為所做的決定是否可以接受？
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
C . Correct Answer:
ISO 17021-1:2015 Clause 5.2.4 requires auditors to report impartiality concerns.
The technical expert received consultancy fees from Cyber ACrypt, creating a conflict of interest.
The certification body must be informed to ensure audit integrity.
A . Incorrect:
Reporting to top management does not resolve certification body independence concerns.
B . Incorrect:
Impartiality is a critical concern in ISO/IEC 27001 certification.
Relevant Standard Reference:
ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 5.2.4 (Ensuring Impartiality in Audits)
NEW QUESTION # 193
您工作的資料中心目前正在尋求 ISO/IEC27001:2022 認證。在為您的初次認證訪問做準備時，您集團內另一個資料中心的同事已進行了多次內部審核。他們在今年稍早獲得了 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 證書。
您剛剛獲得內部 ISMS 審核員資格，您的經理要求您在外部認證機構到達之前審查審核流程和審核結果，作為最終檢查。
以下哪六項會讓您擔心是否符合 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 要求？
Answer: A,B,C,D,F,I
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), clause 9.3 requires top management to review the organization's ISMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness1. Clause 9.2 requires the organization to conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained1. Therefore, when reviewing the audit process and audit findings as a final check before the external certification body arrives, an internal ISMS auditor should verify that these clauses are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Six of the following statements would cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
The audit programme shows management reviews taking place at irregular intervals during the year: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not conducting management reviews at planned intervals, as required by clause 9.3. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the ISMS.
The audit programme does not take into account the relative importance of information security processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not applying a risk-based approach to determine the audit frequency, methods, scope and criteria, as recommended by ISO 19011:2018, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems2. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address the most significant risks and opportunities for its ISMS.
Although the scope for each internal audit has been defined, there are no audit criteria defined for the audits carried out to date: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not establishing audit criteria for each internal audit, as required by clause 9.2. Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared2. Without audit criteria, it is not possible to determine whether the ISMS conforms to its own requirements and those of ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
Audit reports to date have used key performance indicator information to focus solely on the efficiency of ISMS processes: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not evaluating the effectiveness of ISMS processes, as required by clause 9.1. Effectiveness is the extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved2. Efficiency is the relationship between the result achieved and the resources used2. Both aspects are important for measuring and evaluating ISMS performance and improvement.
The audit programme does not take into account the results of previous audits: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not using the results of previous audits as an input for planning and conducting subsequent audits, as recommended by ISO 19011:20182. This may affect the ability of the organization to identify and address any recurring or unresolved issues or nonconformities related to its ISMS.
Top management commitment to the ISMS will not be audited before the certification visit, according to the audit programme: This statement would cause concern because it implies that the organization is not verifying that top management demonstrates leadership and commitment with respect to its ISMS, as required by clause 5.1. This may affect the ability of top management to ensure that the ISMS policy and objectives are established and compatible with the strategic direction of the organization; that roles, responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned and communicated; that resources needed for the ISMS are available; that communication about information security matters is established; that continual improvement of the ISMS is promoted; that other relevant management reviews are aligned with those of information security; and that support is provided to other relevant roles1.
The other statements would not cause concern in respect of conformity to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements:
Audit reports are not held in hardcopy (i.e. on paper). They are only stored as ".POF documents on the organisation's intranet: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific format or media for documenting or storing audit reports, as long as they are controlled according to clause 7.5.
The audit programme mandates auditors must be independent of the areas they audit in order to satisfy the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2022: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for auditor independence, as long as the audit is conducted objectively and impartially, in accordance with ISO 19011:20182.
The audit programme does not reference audit methods or audit responsibilities: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for referencing audit methods or audit responsibilities in the audit programme, as long as they are defined and documented according to ISO 19011:20182.
The audit process states the results of audits will be made available to 'relevant' managers, not top management: This statement would not cause concern because it does not imply any nonconformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requirements. The standard does not prescribe any specific requirement for communicating the results of audits to top management, as long as they are reported to the relevant parties and used as an input for management review, according to clause 9.3.
NEW QUESTION # 194
審核員使用抽樣來確保記錄資訊安全事件的事件日誌得到維護和定期審查。抽樣基於審計目標，而樣本選擇過程基於機率論。使用什麼類型的抽樣？
Answer: A
Explanation:
The use of probability theory in the sample selection process indicates that "statistical sampling" was used.
Statistical sampling allows auditors to make inferences about the population based on the properties of the sample, relying on the principles of probability to select representative elements.
References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems
NEW QUESTION # 195
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